CIE iGCSE History Paper 1 Monday 9th May [unofficial mark scheme]

Milzime

18

well done everyone! Just got Sources (and 40 marker for some) to go! :party:

Please reply with what stuff you got, and I'll add it to the OP.

5 a) Describe the work of the Lytton Commission (4)

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mention Manchurian crisis, dates of 1931-33

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lead by Lord Lytton, appointed by the League

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took ages (a year) to arbitrate --- You could possibly say that the Lytton commission took 10 months to come to light, but MORE time to even get sorted by the league.

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conclusion that Japan was to blame - but sanctions didn't work because of the depression, and condemning Japan didn't stop them

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They examined the site of the explosion at the South Manchurian Railway, they were slow as they took boat

5 b) Why did Japan invade Manchuria? (6)

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mention silk trade perhaps

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mention how in the depression people stopped buying luxury goods like silk (Japan was running out of resources. It couldn't feed its population that was growing by 1 million each year)

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bad economy - militaristic (General Tojo?)

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easy access, blamed Chinese for attack on Japan-owned rail area

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claimed it was better than War Lords -- Japan justified the invasion as China was falling into anarchy and they were simply stopping a threat to world peace

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For expansionism - generals wanted it.

5 c) Which was more to blame for the failure of the League of Nations; it's organisation or membership? (10)

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mention VETO (Unanimous vote system was highly inefficient as everyone had to agree on something for it to be passed. Nothing ever got done because of this or it was very slow.)

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mention slowness (assembly / council / annual meetings / meetings every five years) perhaps mention secretariat being ambitious?

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mention the fact it was set up by the ToV (which many hated)

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mention the lack of a ' League army '

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mention absence of USSR / USA / Germany

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(I personally, despite writing more about the organisational flaws, fell down on the side of 'well no matter how good or bad the organisation, if you're trying to promote world peace, and you don't have full membership: pointless'

6 a) Describe Italy's militarism in the 1930s (4)

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mention Abyssinian crisis of 1935

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mention Spanish Civil war involvement 1937/8

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mention Axis Alliance (?)

6 b) After the Munich conference in 1938, why did Chamberlain say "[...] peace for our time" ? (6)

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mention Appeasement policy, and how British wanted to avoid war

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mention Chamberlain wanting to be re-elected

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Chamberlain trusted Hitler, that this truly would prevent war, trusted that Hitler wouldn't take Czechoslovakia

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or that it was a ploy to buy more time...?

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by 1939, Germany built up its army and naval forces greatly

6 c) 'The British-French guarantee to Poland was more significant than the Nazi-Soviet Pact in causing WW2' How far do you agree? (10)
(thanks to @Daniel Saleh )

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Nazi-Soviet Pact: Persuaded Hitler to invade PolandIt was the last pact that Hitler signed / Tension? / Prevention of the war on Two Fronts / aggressive foreign policyRisked British and French intervention / threatened French border as they could send Russian troops as well as German troops there.

•

British-French Guarantee:short term cause of the war / Polish invasionDirect v. indirectAppeasement failure / Hitler's aggressive foreign policy / most significant as they didn't want to lose Poland due to its geo-strategic location against Germany.

7 a) What was decided at Yalta and Potsdam? (4)
(thanks to @JM999 )

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Russia join war against Japan

•

Germany divided into 4

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Berlin divided into 4

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Nazi party outlawed

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Free and fair elections.

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Council of Foreign Ministers.

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Reparations in Germany.

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The hunting down of war criminals.

7 b) Why Truman followed a policy of containment? (6)

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stop spread of communism

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stop USSR gaining influence

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keep europe capitalist and friendly to USA, provide market for american goods, boost american economy and keep US public happy with Truman

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Iron curtain speech

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possibly mention that he adopted this policy to combat the Soviet forces in Greece. (as this was a reason for the Truman Doctrine).

7 c) 'the Berlin Blockade was a serious threat to world peace' (10)
(thanks to @asparkes77 )

•

FOR: It was a flashpoint, increased likelihood of atomic war. / Led to the Formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact - magnified the war onto a global scale (though these are the consequences of the blockade, NOT the blockade itself - something to consider perhaps) / First direct confrontation between the nations - tensions had only existed through indirect conflicts (e.g Greece 1947)

•

AGAINST: Unlikely they would have gone to war because of Mutually Assured Destruction. / Allied airlift and determination showed to Stalin that confrontation would not be easy and therefore futile - this averted future conflicts. / Led to GDR and FGR which co existed until Gorbi's time...and some other stuff. / It was only a conflict between East/West Germany / possible mention of Marshall Plan / Soviet Expansionism

(thanks again to @cornflakeexpert )

•

100 or so US soldiers died due to soviet buzzing of planes, shows it was serious

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created arms race, increased military spending

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led to division of Germany into FDR and GDR

•

probably would get some credit for explaining why those things threatened world peacewasn't a serious threat:

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lasted for nearly a year, shows it wasn't that urgent as neither USA nor USSR felt it necessary to resolve

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other problems more serious e.g Germany being in zones

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not a threat to world peace as it didnt threaten all countries, mostly just Europe/USA/USSR

8 (something to do with Korea)

[tbc]

11 a) Describe the role of the President under the Weimar Constitution. (4)

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not involved in day to day affairs

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elected by Germans (all over 20 could vote)

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delegated positions (i.e. Chancellor, like Hindenburg in 1933 with Hitler, and appointed cabinet ministers)

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Could exact emergency powers under Article 48

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expand on powers e.g dissolve reichstag, call elections, control courts

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degree of power over the military

11 b) Why was there such cultural achievement in Weimar 1920? (6)

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because under the kaiser there had been censorship

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because the people felt more free / expressive

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Bauhaus

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Marlene Dietrich

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Fritz Lang

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Paul Klee

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the film Metropolis

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"Zeitoper" and "Zeittheater", styles of opera and theatre

11 c) How far did the Weimar government resolve Germany's problems that resulted from the Treaty of Versailles up until 1926. (10)

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mention unrest from Article 231: Spartacists 1919 / Kapp Putsch 1920 / Assassinations of Matthius Ertzberger 1921, and Walter Ranthenau 1922. Not very well resolved, with passive resistance and Friekorps etc.

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mention high reparations set by the commission from the ToV in 1921 @ £6 600 million: second instalment in 1922 never paid / invasion of the Ruhr / 100 workers killed, 100 000 exiled by French and Belgian troops after Ebert tried to resolve the issue with passive resistance.

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mention how that lead to Hyperinflation

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this was resolved by Stresemann, who also renegotiated reparations / acknowledged the boarders set by ToV (Locarno 1925): possibly dealt with feelings of 'diktat' / helped boost economy (Dawes 1924)

(thanks to @cornflakeexpert )

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dawes plan, economic stability, loans

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political stability e.g coalitions, nazis only got 3% of the votes

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industrial production returned to prewar levels

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didnt resolve: balanced on US loans, could be recalled, unstable

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dawes plan was more due to the US government than weimar

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nazis still building up their party

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unemployment still high

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there were still reparations to pay

(thanks to @Daniel Saleh )

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Locarno treaties were also the pathway to Germany joining the League in 1926

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Proportional representation was still an issue, though the coalitions were becoming more stable.

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Spartacists were eliminated in 1919 but there were still extremist right-wing groups around

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Various groups of society were still unhappy: e.g. Farmers' prices had been dropping since 1920.

12 a) describe the events of the nuremberg rallies

[tbc]

12 b) why was the "aryan master race" theory important for the nazis

[tbc]

12 c) "the nazis successfully controlled their people", how far do you agree

[tbc]

15 a) describe problems faced by Black Americans in the 1920s.

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Poor education

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Poor jobs

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Lynching by KKK

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physically assaulted by 'athletic clubs' in some cities

15 b) why did farmers not share in the prosperity of the 1920s?

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overproduction led to fall in prices

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Competition from more efficient Canadian wheat farmersfall in demand from Europe after WW1.

15 c) 'mass marketing was the main cause of the economic boom in the 1920s.'

[tbc]

Spoiler

(edited 7 years ago)

Reply 1

Milzime

OP

18

Spoiler

taggin peeps from the iGCSE History thread...

Reply 2

Milzime

OP

18

Spoiler

and again

Reply 3

JM999

9

5b was why did japan invade manchuria

Reply 4

JM999

9

7a) Things decided at yalta/potsdam.
Russia join war against Japan
Germany divided into 4
Berlin divided into 4
Nazi party outlawed
7b) Why Truman followed a policy of containment
7c) 'the Berlin Blockade was a serious threat to world peace'

Reply 5

Milzime

OP

18

Original post by JM999

X

Brilliant! Thank you so much :h:

Reply 6

cornflakeexpert

7

Weimar 10 marker was actually how far did the weimar government resolve germanys problems that resulted from the TOV.

Reply 7

cornflakeexpert

7

for that you might put:
did resolve:
-dawes plan, economic stability, loans
-political stability e.g coalitions, nazis only got 3% of the votes
-industrial production returned to prewar levels
didnt resolve:
-balanced on US loans, could be recalled, unstable
-dawes plan was more due to the US government than weimar
-nazis still building up their party
-unemployment still high
-there were still reparations to pay

Reply 8

cornflakeexpert

7

for 7b i also had (although this was my worst):
-stop spread of communism, stop USSR gaining influence
-keep europe capitalist and friendly to USA, provide market for american goods, boost american economy and keep US public happy with Truman
-Iron curtain speech

Reply 9

cornflakeexpert

7

also 5a was describe the work of, not actions of, which i think is quite important because it suggests they want you to ask what it was supposed to do instead of what it did (i think, who knows thoo)

Reply 10

cornflakeexpert

7

also 12 was i believe:
a) describe the events of the nuremberg rallies
b) why was the "aryan master race" theory important for the nazis
c) "the nazis successfully controlled their people", how far do you agree

the last one may be wrong though, can anyone correct me?

Reply 11

Milzime

OP

18

Original post by cornflakeexpert

Weimar 10 marker was actually how far did the weimar government resolve germanys problems that resulted from the TOV.

thanks, I've updated!

Reply 12

JM999

9

15a) describe problems faced by Black Americans in the 1920s.
Poor education
Poor jobs
Lynching by KKK
physically assaulted by 'athletic clubs' in some cities
b) why did farmers not share in the prosperity of the 1920s?
overproduction led to fall in prices
Competition from more efficient Canadian wheat farmers
fall in demand from Europe after WW1.
c) 'mass marketing was the main cause of the economic boom in the 1920s.'

Reply 13

cornflakeexpert

7

sorry that was a lot of info at once haha!

Reply 14

asparkes77

5a) They examined the site of the explosion at the South Manchurian Railway, they were slow as they took boat (it does say 'describe' XD)

7c) FOR: It was a flashpoint, increased likelihood of atomic war. Led to the Formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact - magnified the war onto a global scale (though these are the consequences of the blockade, NOT the blockade itself - something to consider perhaps) First direct confrontation between the nations - tensions had only existed through indirect conflicts (e.g Greece 1947)

AGAINST: Unlikely they would have gone to war because of Mutually Assured Destruction. Allied airlift and determination showed to Stalin that confrontation would not be easy and therefore futile - this averted future conflicts. Led to GDR and FGR which co existed until Gorbi's time...and some other stuff. It was only a conflict between East/West Germany

Did people mention alternatives that caused a threat to world peace, e.g Marshall Plan, Soviet Expansionism - I was hesitant to do this given that it directly referred to whether or not the Berlin Blockade itself was a threat to global security.

Reply 15

cornflakeexpert

7

for the berlin blockade question (this is just what i wrote):
was a serious threat:
-100ish US soldiers died due to soviet buzzing of planes, shows it was serious
-created arms race, increased military spending
-led to division of Germany into FDR and GDR
-probably would get some credit for explaining why those things threatened world peace
wasn't a serious threat:
-lasted for nearly a year, shows it wasn't that urgent as neither USA nor USSR felt it necessary to resolve
-other problems more serious e.g Germany being in zones
-not a threat to world peace as it didnt threaten all countries, mostly just Europe/USA/USSR

Reply 16

cornflakeexpert

7

Original post by asparkes77

5a) They examined the site of the explosion at the South Manchurian Railway, they were slow as they took boat (it does say 'describe' XD)

7c) FOR: It was a flashpoint, increased likelihood of atomic war. Led to the Formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact - magnified the war onto a global scale (though these are the consequences of the blockade, NOT the blockade itself - something to consider perhaps) First direct confrontation between the nations - tensions had only existed through indirect conflicts (e.g Greece 1947)

AGAINST: Unlikely they would have gone to war because of Mutually Assured Destruction. Allied airlift and determination showed to Stalin that confrontation would not be easy and therefore futile - this averted future conflicts. Led to GDR and FGR which co existed until Gorbi's time...and some other stuff. It was only a conflict between East/West Germany

Did people mention alternatives that caused a threat to world peace, e.g Marshall Plan, Soviet Expansionism - I was hesitant to do this given that it directly referred to whether or not the Berlin Blockade itself was a threat to global security.

yup i mentioned other threats too. i think that would go down well as you're comparing it to other things as a means of showing it wasn't really that serious.