I must say, all of this could have been me writing about my first FY1 job in general medicine. Absolutely gruelling experience: leaving at 7 or 8 most nights, constant chaos, overworked, disinterested or actively hostile seniors, bureaucracy, mismanagement, no time for learning. Literally being the ward dogsbody. Why should you feel grateful for dealing with this shite? Anyone who says you should can piss off. The job needs to be done, and it's our resonsibility to do it well, but that doesn't mean we have to be eternally grateful for the rubbish that comes with it.
The most important thing to bear in mind is: it's not you who is the problem. Acute medical care in this country is just a complete mess at the moment (just watch the news). Not enough beds, not enough staff, not enough funding, social problems....all the while you and I have spent the past 4-6 years in medical school memorising Duke's staging and paediatric developmental milestones to get through finals. Important stuff for sure, but it doesn't prepare you for the combined onslaught of hospital bureaucracy, demanding bosses, finite resources, whilst trying to take care of extremely sick people, none of whom "act" like they "should" do in textbooks or question banks. I was someone who hardly ever skipped placement, turned up like a goody-two-shoes, did extra, and it still hit me like a freight train, so believe me, the problem is not with you.
General medicine wards are completely ****ed up - the combination of elderly patients with multiple co-morbidities, staff shortages, endless paperwork for the simplest tasks, and non-existent social care means that to get things done you have to be a doctor, social worker, secretary-on-speed, patient right's advocate, nurse, and porter. This is admirable, but cannot be done between the hours of 9-5 whilst also expecting to get decent sleep or maintain a social life. You will be miserable, and you will quite frankly hate it. I don't know any of my fellow FY1s in medicine who actually enjoyed the job.
Like you, I got into this job because I genuinely like being there for people, hearing about their lives, and doing my best for them. But frankly, the way that inpatient general medicine is structured means that the system is rigged against you and is more akin to a mass production line in a factory: nurses reduced to asking you if you're looking after "bed 11A" or "the DKA" (because remembering names and faces is a luxury when they're stressed over relatives and filling out falls pathways), everyone covering their backs, paperwork taking precedence over actual care, etc. It's terrible and it should be anathema to any right thinking doctor or healthcare professional.
So I don't have any answers as to how general medicine and inpatient care can be fixed: that requires political will and correctly directed public anger first and foremost. However, what I can tell you is that it is not you who is at fault here. Don't listen to morons who don't have a clue what it's like, you shouldn't feel guilty for legitimately being overworked and underappreciated.
Some doctors can detach and adapt themselves more readily from this sort of thing due to having an absolute passion for inpatient specialties and the ward environment. I am not one of those people, so naturally this sort of craziness is going to bother me a lot more. Since switching to a surgical ward, I have found things far more manageable (even the on calls) and I have begun to enjoy my job again. What was your first job like? What will you be doing next? As you say, there are specialties which, whilst not perfect, don't have to deal with this sort of insanity everyday. Anaesthetists generally seem happy, as do radiologists. GPland seems like a nice place with nice people. Paediatricians also seem to be reasonably happy. Doctors in these specialties have their own grievances too of course, but what I'm saying is, just because your first few jobs of FY1 aren't fun doesn't mean your entire career is destined to be like that.
I still firmly believe that being a doctor is a privilege and something I want to be doing, despite the crappiness of FY1. My personal strategy during those first four months was, as you said, basically just powering through, and vowing that I would never set foot on a general medical ward ever again. I think I was also fortunate in that, despite being on a crazy ward, the other junior doctors were all really nice and we all became close friends. I can promise you that you are not the only who feels like this - do you have anyone at work who you can talk to about how you're feeling?
Also, the good news is that when you hopefully do move onto a less stressful job, you will be quite well prepared because nothing will ever be as horrendous as what you're going through now