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Robots 'could replace 250,000 UK public sector workers'

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Original post by Fullofsurprises


There's a huge gap in the market for meaningless cures, I don't know, maybe people could just stick needles in people, or listen to them, or lay on hands, or wave crystals, or crush flowers in front of them and wave the scents, stuff like that. Surprised nobody's doing this kind of thing.


Which is why I am always hostile to the medical profession's "it is no better than a placebo effect"

"Yes, but is it as good as a placebo effect and is it cheaper, including clinician time and cost of premises, than a placebo?"

The NHS should be employing more homeopaths not fewer. Their record in managing psychosocial conditions is as least as good as doctors; they are far cheaper; they have very few side effects and virtually their only risk area is diagnosis. Provided they are not providing the primary treatment for potentially life threatening conditions, they cause very little harm. Indeed, even for patients with life threatening conditions, homeopathy can be safely combined with chemotherapy or radiotherapy and you can't say that about most drugs.
Original post by nulli tertius
Which is why I am always hostile to the medical profession's "it is no better than a placebo effect"

"Yes, but is it as good as a placebo effect and is it cheaper, including clinician time and cost of premises, than a placebo?"

The NHS should be employing more homeopaths not fewer.


Ok nuli lets try this out.

"is it as good as a placebo"- No, homeopathy is not as good as the most effective placebo.

"and is it cheaper" - No, there are far cheaper ways of administering placebos than homeopathy.

So why exactly are you so keen on homeopathy?
Original post by Caius Filimon
You would be surprised about what the IT sector can do, especially when another sector (i.e. healthcare) is under pressure and considerable stress (i.e. an aging population and tightening budget).

Hovercars were never even close to being invented because they are almost pointless from an economic standpoint. Such technology for healthcare certainly is not, and is likely to be almost crucial with the aging UK.

Although I do likewise think it will take a long while, it is definitely plausible to see such technology within our lifetimes (born 1990-2000+) thanks to the magic the market has on 'stressed' economic sectors and continuous technological improvements.

Up until now there was not the same pressure being placed on healthcare. Not as fast an aging population and more immigrant doctors/nurses without such likely budget cuts. Likewise, the IT sector was nowhere near as developed as it has only properly started snowballing from around the 2000s.


I agree that healthcare has never been under such stress before. but equally its not like medicine hasn't been a multi-trillion dollar industry for some decades now. I don't buy that there's been any sudden change in the money available - in some ways such projects have actually been sidelined due to other pressures.

I also remember when the government ploughed £8billion into a simple healthcare database for the NHS and came away with literally nothing. And that should have been relatively simple - "surprised" is perhaps the right word, but not in the way you're thinking!

I'll stick by 50 years, which is within your 'lifetime' estimate.
Reply 43
Original post by shadowdweller
Exactly this, it's not a new trend, and it's one we've clearly survived in the past... ironically the advance in technology is one of the things that seems to be making people worry more despite the benefits it's brought in the past; there's a lot of scaremongering in the news etc, without the positive side of the story being given any notice.


T'was always thus too. I caught video on the BBC Archive twitter account in the last few months, interviewing 1970s school pupils on what they thought they world would be like in the 21st century. Virtually all were pessimistic: the world would either be destroyed by the A-Bomb or - as many suggested - automation would lead to mass unemployment. I was really struck by just how miserable they all seemed about the future.
Original post by unban Goat Boy
Ok nuli lets try this out.

"is it as good as a placebo"- No, homeopathy is not as good as the most effective placebo.


I would like to see evidence regarding this



"and is it cheaper" - No, there are far cheaper ways of administering placebos than homeopathy.



Are you talking about a consultant prescribed placebo or a GP prescribed placebo?

What is the average unit cost of a consultant consultation? What is the average unit cost of a GP consultation? What is the average unit cost of a homeopathic consultation? Those costs are of course not merely the cost of their respective labours, but also their establishment costs. Any consultation in a hospital will have a greater cost than that in alternative therapist's consulting room, simply because hospitals are vastly more complex and expensive buildings per square foot.

Again, the medical profession play a game here. When they cost out placebo therapy they basically price the sugar pills and nothing else. However when they price alternative remedies they include the therapist's time cost.
Original post by nexttime
Honestly it simply wouldn't work. Let's pour aside all other roles of a doctor and just look at diagnosing:

Human error in medicine is definitely under-recognised. Most patients have no idea when a serious error has been made and just assume it's normal. In fact, patient's are no more likely to complain about a doctor who had made a mistake than one who has not.

But saying you could currently create an AI capable of objectifying all of the subjectiveness and subtlety of human interaction is not going to work. Your computer can't smell alcohol on someone's breath and then ask about it. It can't quantify someone's pain the same way a human can (everyone in A&E says their pain is '10/10':wink:. It can't listen to a chest. And if you're getting a human to input such clinical values then that's not exactly an independent AI.

You might stand a chance once biochemistry really takes off and you could do 1000 tests per patient to have enough data, but that is 50 years away.


Come off it, a radiologist stares at scans and diagnoses whatever. You could programme a computer to detect masses of particular darknesses, location, density, size or whatever and divide them into three classes-"got the disease", "not got the disease" and "further tests needed".

The computer will not get tired or distracted and will not make the same careless mistakes as the radiologist. However, there will be certain images that don't fit the computer's criteria of "further tests needed" where the radiologist thinks "not happy about that one. We will order the further tests anyway" and some of those will turn out to be the disease and perhaps a few will turn out to be some other health problem that wasn't even under consideration.
Original post by nulli tertius
Come off it, a radiologist stares at scans and diagnoses whatever. You could programme a computer to detect masses of particular darknesses, location, density, size or whatever and divide them into three classes-"got the disease", "not got the disease" and "further tests needed".

The computer will not get tired or distracted and will not make the same careless mistakes as the radiologist. However, there will be certain images that don't fit the computer's criteria of "further tests needed" where the radiologist thinks "not happy about that one. We will order the further tests anyway" and some of those will turn out to be the disease and perhaps a few will turn out to be some other health problem that wasn't even under consideration.


I agree. Image analysis is one area that might have promise and its easy to quantify. Although you'd have to replace 'further tests' with 'needs human analysis' - many findings are only interpretable alongside history, examination and lab findings. And even then, we still aren't quite there yet technically, let alone legally and then the time it takes for such things to be 'on the ground'.

But you've picked one small area of medicine. How is a neurologist's diagnostic ability going to be replaced when its so dependent on clinical examination? Realistically the only ay i can see that working is waiting for scan image resolution and biochemical/immunological tests to greatly increase their data so that they can then be used in isolation without a clinical story. We're decades away.
(edited 7 years ago)
This is like Humans on c4 :/
Original post by Fullofsurprises
Tbf, most machines pre-digital were not really autonomous in the sense that 'robots' are intended to be, they acted as mechanical aids to human work and required constant human supervision. A good example being the sort of calculating machines that prevailed from the 1940s onwards.


Have you ever seen a room full of Jaquard looms at work?

The key event in automation is the introduction of the cam. It is easy to obtain automatic circular motion; the waterwheel, the windmill and the donkey wheel.

The cam allows this to be converted into automatic linear motion and thus control a machine that can be "programmed" by how the cams are constructed.
Original post by nexttime
I agree. Image analysis is one area that might have promise and its easy to quantify. Although you'd have to replace 'further tests' with 'needs human analysis' - many findings are only interpretable alongside history, examination and lab findings. And even then, we still aren't quite there yet technically, let alone legally and then the time it takes for such things to be 'on the ground'.

But you've picked one small area of medicine. How is a neurologist's diagnostic ability going to be replaced when its so dependent on clinical examination? Realistically the only ay i can see that working is waiting for scan image resolution and biochemical/immunological tests to greatly increase their data so that they can then be used in isolation without a clinical story. We're decades away.


There aren't many robots grading the Connolly hide in a Rolls Royce either.

One automates the easy first but as I said earlier, it is the human factor. I don't think the public would accept it. They are willing to accept a lot of planes being flown into mountains to ensure they have the chance of a crash landing in the Hudson. I do not think there are legal implications. The law has rarely stood in the way of automation. The law finds it easy to say an automated process is a reasonable one.
Reply 50
If this includes Tube drivers, hooray!
Original post by nulli tertius
I do not think there are legal implications. The law has rarely stood in the way of automation. The law finds it easy to say an automated process is a reasonable one.


So small parts might be automated yes And as mentioned above - there are some rapid tests for various infectious diseases emerging that could open pregnancy-test style automation for a very limited number of conditions. But not your original statement.

I wouldn't know about the legal side but I was under the impression self-driving cars were having problems with determining liability and that companies were less willing to take even basic steps as a result. I think such a problem in healthcare might be even more pronounced as a result. But maybe not, although certainly the NHS approval process alone will take many years (hte hospital I'm working in now has decided it wants an electronic prescribing system, something pretty simple that has been used for >10 years elsewhere in the world, >5 years in other UK hospitals. The earliest they are able to implement is 18 months away).
Original post by nexttime
So small parts might be automated yes And as mentioned above - there are some rapid tests for various infectious diseases emerging that could open pregnancy-test style automation for a very limited number of conditions. But not your original statement.

I wouldn't know about the legal side but I was under the impression self-driving cars were having problems with determining liability and that companies were less willing to take even basic steps as a result. I think such a problem in healthcare might be even more pronounced as a result. But maybe not, although certainly the NHS approval process alone will take many years (hte hospital I'm working in now has decided it wants an electronic prescribing system, something pretty simple that has been used for >10 years elsewhere in the world, >5 years in other UK hospitals. The earliest they are able to implement is 18 months away).


The NHS won't have the very serious automated car problem because it doesn't matter whether it was the porter who dropped you off his trolley, the nurse who failed to feed you, the surgeon who left the forceps inside you , the theatre sister who failed to count the instruments or the anaesthetist with the CO2 bottle who killed you, it is all the NHS's fault.

It may be that the only way of dealing with the automated car issue is to let the public drive them but not own them.




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Original post by nulli tertius
I would like to see evidence regarding this

Are you talking about a consultant prescribed placebo or a GP prescribed placebo?

What is the average unit cost of a consultant consultation? What is the average unit cost of a GP consultation? What is the average unit cost of a homeopathic consultation? Those costs are of course not merely the cost of their respective labours, but also their establishment costs. Any consultation in a hospital will have a greater cost than that in alternative therapist's consulting room, simply because hospitals are vastly more complex and expensive buildings per square foot.

Again, the medical profession play a game here. When they cost out placebo therapy they basically price the sugar pills and nothing else. However when they price alternative remedies they include the therapist's time cost.


Why would we need any consultants or GPs or hospitals or consulting rooms to beat homeopathy on cost effectiveness?
Original post by nulli tertius
The NHS won't have the very serious automated car problem because it doesn't matter whether it was the porter who dropped you off his trolley, the nurse who failed to feed you, the surgeon who left the forceps inside you , the theatre sister who failed to count the instruments or the anaesthetist with the CO2 bottle who killed you, it is all the NHS's fault.

It may be that the only way of dealing with the automated car issue is to let the public drive them but not own them.


So a hospital buys a computer diagnostic tool from an IT company that says it diagnoses x. It makes a mistake, someone dies and family sue. The hospital definitely can't sue the IT company?
there's literally no difference b/t robots and public sector workers anyhow

ok all jokes aside what work will be available for those people replaced by robots then...?
(edited 7 years ago)
Original post by nexttime
So a hospital buys a computer diagnostic tool from an IT company that says it diagnoses x. It makes a mistake, someone dies and family sue. The hospital definitely can't sue the IT company?


If it is very unlikely that so far as the family are concerned, they will not have a claim against the NHS. There are lots of claims relating to defective medical equipment each year as opposed to bad operator practice or defective maintenance. Most of those claims relate to very simple equipment with beds, wheelchairs and trolleys being by far the largest categories of equipment. The key point is that the NHS is usually unable to deflect those claims away from itself to manufacturers or suppliers. The Health and Safety at Work Act puts heavy duties on the NHS to the non-employee public relating to plant and machinery in workplaces.

As between the NHS and either supplier or manufacturer (or product liability insurer), any discussion of the usual legal position on the supply of goods and services is artificial because the NHS will buy on procurement contracts that will determine where liability lies. The NHS has well over 100 standard procurement contracts and if you supply the NHS you supply on those terms. Any contract for equipment such as this will endeavour to ensure that the boundary of liability will not be at a point which is factually difficult to determine. The customer power of the NHS means that it is able to write the rules. The NHS is always involved in a minefield of litigation with IT companies but that relates to bespoke software systems being designed for it, not the IT in the equipment it buys.
(edited 7 years ago)
Original post by unban Goat Boy
Why would we need any consultants or GPs or hospitals or consulting rooms to beat homeopathy on cost effectiveness?


Because placebos don't prescribe themselves.
Original post by 0to100
there's literally no difference b/t robots and public sector workers anyhow

ok all jokes aside what work will be available for those people replaced by robots then...?

That's the problem we have to solve! Stop the robots ! I am sure the government will stop robots going past a certain point and if they don't we have a lot More problems than to worry about than jobs!
(edited 7 years ago)
Original post by fleky6910
That's the problem we have to solve! Stop the robots ! I am sure the government will stop robots going past a certain point and if they don't we have a lot More problems than to worry about than jobs!


The economy has had no problem creating jobs for every technological leap that has occurred previously.

The fact the sun rose yesterday does not prove it will rise tomorrow.

However, anybody who suggests the economy will not create such jobs needs to do more than say "that was then, this is now". Moreover, it is not enough to say that previous technological changes are factually dissimilar from this one. That is like saying "I know the sun rose on Tuesday, but tomorrow is Thursday".

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