The Student Room Group

transport in small intestine????

from the lumem to an epithelial cell I was told that na and glucose bind to a carrier protein to be transported into the cell but na goes down a concentration gradient and glucose goes against it but the process is passive? why would it be possible for glucose to move against the gradient if it's a passive process
anyone
anyone
You are talking about a special type of transport protein called a co-transporter. Moving the sodium down its concentration gradient (both electric and chemical) releases energy as it favours the equilibrium (therefore reducing the free energy of the system).
This energy that sodium loses as it moves into the cell is the energy used by the protein co-transporter to move glucose against its concentration gradient.
the process is said to be passive because it does not break down ATP, but it uses the energy naturally stored in the gradient differences of compounds across the cell membrane.
Original post by tremen222
You are talking about a special type of transport protein called a co-transporter. Moving the sodium down its concentration gradient (both electric and chemical) releases energy as it favours the equilibrium (therefore reducing the free energy of the system).
This energy that sodium loses as it moves into the cell is the energy used by the protein co-transporter to move glucose against its concentration gradient.
the process is said to be passive because it does not break down ATP, but it uses the energy naturally stored in the gradient differences of compounds across the cell membrane.

thanks so much for the reply. So for the transport of potassium and sodium from the epithelial cell to the capillary this is active transport i guess so does this require a co transporter or a carrier protein ?
Original post by jonjoshelvey21
thanks so much for the reply. So for the transport of potassium and sodium from the epithelial cell to the capillary this is active transport i guess so does this require a co transporter or a carrier protein ?


There are many different ways of transporting these compounds in and out of the cell. I assume you are talking about the sodium potassium ATPase, in which case it takes 3 sodium out by bringing 2 potassium in using active transport (ATP)
This is the potassium used for the transport of glucose. From a scientific paper:

"Activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase in the basolateral surface membrane generates Na+ and K+ concentration gradients, and the K+ gradient generates an inside-negative membrane potential. Both the Na+concentration gradient and the membrane potential are used to drive the uptake of glucose from the intestinal lumen by the two-Na+/one-glucose symporter (blue) located in the apical surface membrane. Glucose leaves the cell via facilitated diffusion catalyzed by GLUT2 (orange), a glucose uniporter located in the basolateral membrane."
Original post by tremen222
There are many different ways of transporting these compounds in and out of the cell. I assume you are talking about the sodium potassium ATPase, in which case it takes 3 sodium out by bringing 2 potassium in using active transport (ATP)
This is the potassium used for the transport of glucose. From a scientific paper:

"Activity of the Na+/K+ ATPase in the basolateral surface membrane generates Na+ and K+ concentration gradients, and the K+ gradient generates an inside-negative membrane potential. Both the Na+concentration gradient and the membrane potential are used to drive the uptake of glucose from the intestinal lumen by the two-Na+/one-glucose symporter (blue) located in the apical surface membrane. Glucose leaves the cell via facilitated diffusion catalyzed by GLUT2 (orange), a glucose uniporter located in the basolateral membrane."


thanks so what does this mean about the higher/lower concentration gradient inside and outside the cell or are both na and k being moved against their concentration gradient?
Original post by jonjoshelvey21
thanks so what does this mean about the higher/lower concentration gradient inside and outside the cell or are both na and k being moved against their concentration gradient?


There is always more potassium inside of the cell and more sodium outside of the cell, hence the active transport of the Na+/K+ ATPase.
Original post by tremen222
There is always more potassium inside of the cell and more sodium outside of the cell, hence the active transport of the Na+/K+ ATPase.

so both na and k move against their concentration gradient?
Original post by jonjoshelvey21
so both na and k move against their concentration gradient?


Yes
Original post by tremen222
Yes


what about the concentrations of glucose and na in the co transport from the lumen to the epithelial cell?

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