Psychology: MILGRAM

..............

Don't bump your thread straight away and yes you do need to know the variations of his study. What do you already know about the aim, procedure, findings and conclusions?

its urgent you see

im using the pink hair book aqa psych and my notes briefly go through the procedure but the book goes into so much detail so im stuck on how much i should write in my actual notes.

aim: to investigate the degree to which people prepared to obey a legitimate figure.
procedure: sample of 40 men, advertised , told they were taking part in study of memory, the experiment had 2 confederates, and the participant was the teacher.

my class notes aren't even complete and im unsure about whether i should use the book or simplypsychology
and in the book there are no variations but in my class notes it just says "there were 18 variations"

Procedure- He used 40 male participants by advertising for volunteers in a newspaper.
There were 3 roles; the experimenter- the authority figure played by a confederate, the teacher- who would test the learner and would administer punishments, and the learner who would receive the punishments if they got questions wrong played by a confederate.

The participant believed they were fairly assigned the role of teacher through drawing lots which was not the case as the learner was a confederate.
Participants were told to ask questions to the learner if they got them wrong they would ask them to shock them and increase the voltage each time up to 450volts.
Before the test the participant were given a ‘test shock’ to ensure they believed it was real.

The learner sat in another room and mainly gave incorrect answers. The learner remained silent until 300volt shock at this point they didn’t respond to the question but ponded on the wall instead and again at 315 volts. But then didn’t say anymore until after

If the participant refused to continue the experimenter gave verbal ‘prods’ to get them to continue such as ‘it is absolutely essential that you continue’

18?! I've never known anyone be taught more than 4. Reduced proximity, close proximity, location and uniform

Findings/conclusions:
-65% of the teachers/participants went to the full 450volt shock
-100% teachers went to the full 300 volt shock
- only 5 out of 40 stopped at 300volt shock when the learner first objected
-14/40 participants showed nervous laughing fits
- all ps showed evidence of shaking, sweating and stuttering
- many p’s argued with the experimenter but continued to obey

The Germans ‘are different’ hypothesis is clearly false, Milgrams 40 p’s were ordinary Americans. Their high levels of obedience showed that people obey those regarded as authority figures. The results suggest that obeying those in authority is normal behaviour in a hierarchically organised society. We will obey orders that distress and go against our moral code.

i think there are 18 variations, but we only have to learn 4??

im so confused...

It’s okay, I’m happy to help! 😊 Do you need any of the evaluation points?

There's only four on the specification so they're the only ones you need to know

Lack of internal validity is a good one-
A criticism of Milgrams original study is that many of the participants worked out the procedure was faked. It is more likely that participants in Milgrams variations realised this because of the extra manipulation. A good example is the variation where the experimenter is replaced by a ‘member of the public’. Even Milgram recognised that this situation was so forced that some participants at have worked out the truth. Therefore this is a limitation of all Milgrams studies because it is unclear whether the results are genuine due to the operation of obedience or because the participants saw through the deception and acted accordingly. (Also demand characteristics)