That's either a migraine or even a pressure/stress headache. I have chronic migraines and I have very similar symptoms. Migraines are the only (that I know of) headaches that happen on one side of the head, particularly with eye pain. Light, sound etc are not the only triggers or amplifiers of a migraine. It could be food too, e.g. cheese and nuts. I'm no doctor but I've had migraines for 10 years since I was 7.
Painkillers and bed rest in a dark room are all I can say.
If it persists, go see a doctor or an optician, just in case it could be your eyes causing this issue. There are vison defects that cause headaches that don't necessarily affect your vision.