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paternal and maternal and homologous chromosomes

so for each chromosome in a homologous pair there is a paternal and maternal chromosome right? and homogolous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes with similar structural features
does it get the paternal and maternal chromosomes from fertilisation?
and if the homologous pair have similar structural features, wouldnt these not be completely similar due to random assortment and crossing over during meiosis? do they just have to be coding for a specific part of the body, not similar in the genetic makeup of the chromosomes?
why does linkage occur?
for a characteristic to be expressed physically (phenotype) does it have to be dominant on the alleles on both the homologous chromosomes?
ScreamYourHeartOut
so for each chromosome in a homologous pair there is a paternal and maternal chromosome right? and homogolous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes with similar structural features

Homologous chromosomes are not structurally identical. The have the same number of genes at the same loci, but they may have similar or different alleles.

does it get the paternal and maternal chromosomes from fertilisation?
Yes

and if the homologous pair have similar structural features, wouldnt these not be completely similar due to random assortment and crossing over during meiosis?

They are not completely similar

do they just have to be coding for a specific part of the body, not similar in the genetic makeup of the chromosomes?

Each allele on the chromosome controls a specific trait.

for a characteristic to be expressed physically (phenotype) does it have to be dominant on the alleles on both the homologous chromosomes?

Nope, the dominant allele will mask the recessive allele if they are heterozygous (one dominant allele and one recessive allele).

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