well i am intending on going retained firefighting as of january when i turn 18 and several spaces open up at our local firestation. however no previous experience is needed, i go to a fire cadet group and have for the past erm 7 years, i would suggest going to your local fire station and tell them your situation and see if they can help you do some training, jsut simple things like fitness tets, hose running, ladder pulling and things like that, also ask if you can have a go at breathin apparatus as you will be trainined on all of this. i would suggest going to speak to the crew at your local firestation.they will want to help you because more or less all firefighters like to see fresh blood inthe service.
best of luck with getting in if you go ahead with it.
but answering your questions if you want to go to uni and get a degree ther is a good chance you would be able to work your way up the ranks in teh fire service, a management degree would allow you to have the same qualifications as people high up in the service, ( i am talking divisional officer/area managers and above). it depends what course you are studying, there are some avaliable to do specifically with Fire but i am not sure what these are about, i will look into it for you. it depends which brigade you apply to join, most brigades have 2 intakes a year hertfordshrie have different ones for whole time and others for retained. wholetime is march and september intakes. the retained are scattered throughout the year.
i wish you all the best of luck in your future if you get into the fire service it is a rewarding job.
if you want information i will be able to get it, jsut send me a private message and i will get back to you when i can