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Enthalpy of formation using simulatenous equations? how?

Hey,

I know they're are two ways of doing this question the non-simulatenous equation way (which I can do), but the other way it says rearranging the below equations and solving the simulatenous equation. If someone could show me how to derive the equation it would be great :smile:

Given the following enthalpy changes for the indicated reactions, calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of HNO3(l)?

H202(l) + 2NO2(g) => 2HNO3(l) Delta H = -226.8 kJ mol-1
N2(g) + 2O2(g) => 2NO2(g) Delta H = 66.4 kJ mol-1
H2(g) (g) + O2 (g) => H2O2(l) Delta H = -187.8 kJ mol-1

Reply 1

supreme
Hey,

I know they're are two ways of doing this question the non-simulatenous equation way (which I can do), but the other way it says rearranging the below equations and solving the simulatenous equation. If someone could show me how to derive the equation it would be great :smile:

Given the following enthalpy changes for the indicated reactions, calculate the standard enthalpy change of formation of HNO3(l)?

H202(l) + 2NO2(g) => 2HNO3(l) Delta H = -226.8 kJ mol-1
N2(g) + 2O2(g) => 2NO2(g) Delta H = 66.4 kJ mol-1
H2(g) (g) + O2 (g) => H2O2(l) Delta H = -187.8 kJ mol-1


H202(l) + 2NO2(g) + N2(g) + 2O2(g) + H2(g) (g) + O2(g) => 2HNO3(l) + 2NO2(g) + H2O2(l)

The reagents in red and blue cancel (since in effect the values of the bond enthalpies cancel since we get the same bonds before and after) to give:
N2(g) + 2O2(g) + H2(g) (g) + O2(g) => 2HNO3(l)

So the enthalpy change for the above reaction is:
= -226.8 kJ mol-1+ 66.4 kJ mol-1 -187.8 kJ mol-1
= -348.2 kJ mol-1

But the enthalpy of formation of HNO3(l) is defined as per a mole of substance.

The reaction for the enthalpy of formation would be:
½N2(g) + O2(g) + ½H2(g) (g) + ½O2(g) => HNO3(l)

½N2(g) + 3/2O2(g) + ½H2(g) (g) => HNO3(l)

This is half the enthalpy change of the calculated value.
= ½(-348.2) kJ mol-1
= -174.1 kJ mol-1

Using simultaneous equations
½H202(l) + NO2(g) => HNO3(l) (1)

N2(g) + 2O2(g) => 2NO2(g) (2)

H2(g) (g) + O2 (g) => H2O2(l) (3)

Equations (3) and (2) into (1)
You get the same result as above.

E.g. (2) into (1)
½H202(l) + ½(N2(g) + 2O2(g)) => HNO3(l) (1)

Reply 2

Widowmaker
H202(l) + 2NO2(g) + N2(g) + 2O2(g) + H2(g) (g) + O2(g) => 2HNO3(l) + 2NO2(g) + H2O2(l)

The reagents in red and blue cancel (since in effect the values of the bond enthalpies cancel since we get the same bonds before and after) to give:
N2(g) + 2O2(g) + H2(g) (g) + O2(g) => 2HNO3(l)

So the enthalpy change for the above reaction is:
= -226.8 kJ mol-1+ 66.4 kJ mol-1 -187.8 kJ mol-1
= -348.2 kJ mol-1

But the enthalpy of formation of HNO3(l) is defined as per a mole of substance.

The reaction for the enthalpy of formation would be:
½N2(g) + O2(g) + ½H2(g) (g) + ½O2(g) => HNO3(l)

½N2(g) + 3/2O2(g) + ½H2(g) (g) => HNO3(l)

This is half the enthalpy change of the calculated value.
= ½(-348.2) kJ mol-1
= -174.1 kJ mol-1

Using simultaneous equations
½H202(l) + NO2(g) => HNO3(l) (1)

N2(g) + 2O2(g) => 2NO2(g) (2)

H2(g) (g) + O2 (g) => H2O2(l) (3)

Equations (3) and (2) into (1)
You get the same result as above.

E.g. (2) into (1)
½H202(l) + ½(N2(g) + 2O2(g)) => HNO3(l) (1)


Thanks very much happy x-mas :smile: