for the first, you take out a common factor - the highest power (in this case a fraction - don`t be put of) in both numbers - ie take out 2^(1/2) so you get 2^(1/2) x (1+2) - (because you`ll get the second factor being (2^(1/2))^2= 2^1=2) =3 x (sqrt 2).
2nd one - express the 4`s as powers of 2, then do similar...