The Student Room Group

Upthrust and viscous drag

Can someone explain to me what happens when a object moves downward through a liquid what happens with the forces. The object accelerates at first because theres is no upthrust only the weight acting. But then viscous drag force increase with speed of the object until viscous drag equals weight of object.

I know that upthrust is equal to the volume of fluid displaced. But if weight and viscous drag act then where does upthrust come into it?
Reply 1
mysteryman
I know that upthrust is equal to the volume of fluid displaced. But if weight and viscous drag act then where does upthrust come into it?


No, upthrust is proportional to the volume of fluid displaced.

Upthrust is still acting but since the object is moving viscous drag also acts
Reply 2
I suppose in overly simplistic terms, upthrust is a reaction force that happens due to the fact that the fluid can't move out of the way fast enough, and viscous drag is a bit like friction due to the body sliding past the fluid, (I think). Both of them act to oppose the motion of the falling body.
Reply 3
Joe_87
I suppose in overly simplistic terms, upthrust is a reaction force that happens due to the fact that the fluid can't move out of the way fast enough, and viscous drag is a bit like friction due to the body sliding past the fluid, (I think). Both of them act to oppose the motion of the falling body.



Upthrust is as a result of the pressure in the liquid, to find the upthrust you integrate the pressure over the surface area of the object.
Reply 4
Upthrust should aid in determining the terminal velocity. As people have said, upthrust is just equivalent to the pressure force which the displaced fluid exerts (equal to the mass of the fluid displaced). This is a constant force when a body is fully submerged in the fluid.

I think viscosity is proportional to velocity though, so as you get faster, viscous drag forces increase until the sum of the upthrust and viscous drag is equal to the weight of the object and the object undergoes no further acceleration and continues at a constant velocity.
Reply 5
kscash
upthrust is just equivalent to the pressure force which the displaced fluid exerts (equal to the mass of the fluid displaced). This is a constant force when a body is fully submerged in the fluid.


Well it being equal to the mass of the fluid displaced is true in most cases, and it is usually constant. However that is not always true

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kscash
I think viscosity is proportional to velocity though, so as you get faster, viscous drag forces increase until the sum of the upthrust and viscous drag is equal to the weight of the object and the object undergoes no further acceleration and continues at a constant velocity.


Viscosity is constant (well under standard conditions), viscous drag forces do change with velocity, but it isn't a linear relationship but a very complicated one.

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But anyways, the rest of what you've said is true
Reply 6
rpotter
Well it being equal to the mass of the fluid displaced is true in most cases, and it is usually constant. However that is not always true

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Viscosity is constant (well under standard conditions), viscous drag forces do change with velocity, but it isn't a linear relationship but a very complicated one.

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But anyways, the rest of what you've said is true


As regards the viscosity issue I meant to say viscous forces rather than viscosity itself which is mostly constant for temperature and identical shear forces (I know bits about it because I'm working for an oil company in the lubricants department). I wasn't sure of the exact relationship with velocity, but I think it approximates to a linear one when an object is travelling slowly provided that the flow is laminar, even though it might not be linear. Not entirely sure and I could ask someone at work for a more authoritative account, but it would probably involve solving ungodly equations.