Do something on DDT, a synthetic organo-halide that kills disease-spreading insects. Alkyl halides have been used as insecticides since 1939, when it was discovered that DDT (first synthesized in 1874) has a high toxicity to insects and a relatively low toxicity to mammals. DDT was used widely in World War II to control typhus and malaria in both the military and civilian populations. It saved millions of lives, but no one realized at that time that, because it is a very stable compound, it is resistant to biodegradation. In addition, DDT and DDE (a compound formed as a result of elimination of HCl from DDT - you can show your understanding of the elimination reaction), are not water soluble. Therefore, they accumulate in the fatty tissues of birds and fish and can be passed up the food chain. Most adults have a low concentration of DDT or DDE in their bodies. In 1962, Rachel Carson, a marine biologist, published a landmark book "Silent Spring", where she pointed out the environmental impacts of the widespread use of DDT. The book was widely read, so it brought the problem of environmental pollution to the attention of the general public for the first time. Consequently, its publication was an important event in the birth of the environmental movement. Because of the concern it raised, DDT was banned in the United States in 1972. In 2004, the Stockholm Convention banned the worldwide use of DDT except for the control of malaria in countries where the disease is a major health problem. Methoxychlor is an insecticide that was intended to take DDT’s place (structurally it is very similar to DDT) because it is not as soluble in fatty tissues and is more readily biodegradable. It, too, can accumulate in the environment, however, so its use was also banned—in 2002 in the European Union and in 2003 in the United States. You can look at the structure of methoxychlor and explain why it is less soluble in fatty tissues than DDT.