My parents (especially my mum) hit me and my brother and sister quite a lot. She is also very unreasonable and thinks that everybody else's opinion is unvalid. So I definitely know where you're coming from. My advice to you is to do what I did until I got out of there for uni - try and button your lip. When he shouts at you, just look at the floor, mumble "yes, dad". It might seem like he's got one over you, but in reality, you win because it means that he doesn't get so mad and then nothing gets blown out of proportion. My Mum also never apologizies, she has never said sorry to me once for all of the things that she has done. It is always my fault, I am always in the wrong. This has made me quite bitter about things, but remember to learn from it with your own children.
Finally, your parents do NOT have a christian marriage, and your dad is not a christian. He might think that he is, but he isn't. Christian parents don't hit their children for any other reason than discipline, and even then it will only be once, and it wont be down out of rage. He is right that the man should be the head of the house, but not to the extent of belittling your mother. Don't let your experiences put you off Christianity, because what you are seeing is NOT christianity. If your father had a relationship with God, he would definitely not be guiding him to act in the way that he is.