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Write about some of the ways characters are created in the three texts that you have studied.
42 Marks
It could be argued that Coleridge characterises the mariner in ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’ so as to fit with the form of a Christian allegory. Coleridge uses lexical clusters in reference to the mariners age such as ‘ancient’ and ‘grey beard’ these help structurally as the elderly are often thought to be wise and knowledgeable. This gives the mariner gravity and solemnity but most importantly didactic control, by playing a didactic story in the hands of the ‘ancient mariner’ gives the story more authority. By utilising the ideas and beliefs people have about the elderly and wisdom Coleridge is able to give more moral weight to the authority figure.
However it is hard to ignore the gothic conventions in the novel. Both the mariner and life in death seem both familiar yet strange. This is evident when the mariner is described as having a ‘glittering eye’ this as well as his dishevelled appearance play a role in creating fear through horror. The reader’s disgust is reflected through the wedding guest’s constant interjections ‘I fear the ancient mariner’. The character life in death is possibly as uncanny if not, more. Her free appearance such as her ‘golden locks’ and ‘red lips’ is juxtaposed against her dreadfully pale skin which is described as ‘white as leprosy’. The character is used to symbolise the uncertainty in life, this is reiterated when his life chanced on a game of ‘dice’.
In Fitzgerald’s scandalous prose ‘The Great Gatsby’ Fitzgerald authorial choice to allow Nick as a self conscious narrator leads to Gatsby being presented from Nick’s eyes. Nick presents Gatsby as a romantic hero from the very start as he reaches out to the ‘green light’ in the ‘silver peppers of the stars’. Nick elevates the status of Gatsby; his recordings of Gatsby’s life are almost hagiographic preserving his romantic deeds for the future to read. By establishing Gatsby’s nature as ‘gorgeous’ it is Nick who puts the ‘great’ in the eponymous title. As the reader continues the Gatsby’s facade is revealed, ‘he’s a bootlegger’. Fitzgerald is making the reader question whether we should trust every Nick says as he is clearly an unreliable narrator. As critic Mullan stated ‘the critical issue is not whether we believe in the character, but whether we believe what the narrator says about the narrator.
However from a Marxist perspective Gatsby’s character could also be a narrative device used by Fitzgerald to explore the deconstruction of capitalist society. His attempts to make himself worthy to be part of the ‘old money’ are rejected by the elite, such as Nick who calls him a ‘redneck’. The two characters who try climb up the social ladder in the novel are both worse by the end. Tanner argues that ‘Gatsby is America’, perhaps Gatsby’s futile attempts to reach the reach the ‘green light’ and fraudulent character does represent America and more importantly the American dream. Fitzgerald could be indicating this at the end of the narrative that perhaps the American dream is just a dream rather than reality which could be lived in, this is evident when Nick states that the ‘green light’ may not have represented the ‘orgiastic future’ but was just a light.
Throughout McCarthy’s novel ‘The Road’ the book tends to be agnostic with the father constantly doubting the existence of god, in the apocalyptic world. It could be argued that there are times in the novel where the boy takes the role of God in the eyes of his father. This infatuation is revealed when narrator descries a moment between the father and son as an ‘ancient anointment’ and later suggesting that if there was nothing else to build they should ‘construct ceremonies out of air and breathe into them’. The language in this extract of the book is very biblical and mirrors the creation of life in the bible. The boy is represented almost as deity and this provides the father which is significance as there is little else motivation the in the ‘cold intestate earth’ to keep the father motivated to live.
If the form of the narrative is considered to be a morality tale teaching humanity the consequences of living such destructive lifestyles, McCarthy uses characters to prevent people from leading such lives. McCarthy draws on this through the use of the Roadrat, where he debases humanity. The Roadrat is thought of as a leech or scavenger, physically he becomes a parasite who feasts upon others. The characterisation of the Roadrat acts as deterrent, stopping people from living such reckless and thoughtless lives.