AQA BIOL5 ~ 17th June 2013 ~ A2 Biology

Essay predictions?

What on earth do you write for an introduction and conclusion in a biology essay?

Introduction; So here's the story.... Conclusion;..so yeah, that's basically it really.

You have to come to a decision about something in the conclusion though, right?

These are a few essays that i don't think have come up yet so they may this year. I've also thought of a few things to write about.

How the structure of cells is related to their function.
· Prokaryotic bacteria specialised to cause disease and resist antibodies
· White blood cells to kill bacteria
· Alpha and Beta cells and glucose regulation
· Nerve cells to transport action potentials
· Any cell with many mitochondria: Link reaction, Krebs cycle and Electron transport chain
· Epithelial cells for diffusion
· Microvilli in the intestine for absorption
· Red blood cells contain haemoglobin and large surface area
· Muscle cells, actin and myosin for muscle contraction
· Rod and cone cells
· Xylem and phloem in cohesive tension theory

The control of living organisms and control within living organisms.
· Thermoregulation
· Heart rate
· Oestrogen cycles
· Glucose regulation
· Synapses and muscle contraction
· Antibodies
· Absorption of starch
· Diffusion and affinity of haemoglobin
· Tropisms
· Biological and chemical controls of population

Negative Feedback and its importance in biology.
· Return to normal levels
· Thermoregulation
· Heart rate
· The oestrus cycle
· Glucose regulation
· Population control
· Control of ventilation
· Metabolic pathways

The different ways in which organisms use ATP.
· Respiration - Glycolysis
· Photosynthesis – GP to TP
· Muscle contraction
· Protein carriers and active transport
· Cell division
· Energy transfer in the food chain

Inorganic ions include those of sodium, phosphorus and hydrogen. Describe how these and other inorganic ions are used in living organism.
· Nerve impulses (sodium/potassium ions in action potential)
· Fertilisers
· ATP created by phosphorus
· Absorption in the small intestine
· Nitrogen cycle (nitrates and ammonium ions)

The movement of substances within living organisms / transport systems within living organisms
· Protein transport out of cells
· Digestion and absorption
· Haemoglobin – the blood system – the heart
· Gas exchange in lungs
· Nerve system – Pacinian corpuscle
· Diffusion
· Plants (transpiration) cohesion tension theory

Enzymes and their importance in plants and animals
· Structure:
· Polypeptide chain of hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen
· Catalysts that lower activation energy
· DNA Polymerase and DNA Helicase
· Amylase, Maltase, Lactase, Sucrase
· RNA Polymerase
· Restriction Endonuclease
· Reverse transcriptase
· DNA ligase
· Effect of competitive and non-competitive inhibition
· Enzymes and the breakdown of ATP

It will definitely be one of these essays for our exam, thanks for the suggestions though , much appreciated.

Hi guys,
would someone be really kind and explain muscle contraction in terms of the sacromere, a band, i band , h zone to me pleaseee

Hi guys,
would someone be really kind and explain muscle contraction in terms of the sacromere, a band, i band , h zone to me pleaseee

Can anyone help me... I have managed to confuse myself with kineses do they turn more or less when in an unfavourable environment?

Questions:

Name the differences between fast and slow twitch fibres (3)
What is the refractatory period and why is it important? (2)
What is saltatory conduction (2)
Name the bands/zones in a sarcomere (3)
Name 2 methods of heat production (2)
Describe and explain an example of positive feedback (3)

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Can anyone help me... I have managed to confuse myself with kineses do they turn more or less when in an unfavourable environment?