Could someone please explain the immunological comparison for species and the haemoglobin graph as I'm still unsure about these two topics.
Thanks
Serum A (has antigens) is taken from Species 1 Then injected into Species 2 which produces antibodies Serum B from Species 2 is extracted Then put into Species 3 If Species 3 has similar antigens to Species 1, they bind to the antibodies. More closely related = more precipitate = because more antigens bind with the antibodies that are specific to Species 1
We are trying to look for similarities between Species 1 & 3. Species 2 only produces antibodies that are specific to the antigens/proteins of Species 1 so when it gets into Species 3, if the antigens of Species 3 is similar to species 1 then it will bind to more antibodies thus making more precipitate showing they are closely related.
Hope that made some sense! XD Please correct me if I'm wrong
Could someone please explain tissue fluid and the oxygen haemoglobin curve to me...
Tissue Fluid is watery liquid that has glucose, amino acids, 02 etc. It's the means where materials are exchanged
Blood goes into the arteries then arterioles which then travel into the capillaries. This creates Hydrostatic Pressure at the arterial end.
The Hydrostatic pressure is what forces the tissue fluid out of the capillaries, only small molecules (e.g. oxygen, nutrients) are forced out into the tissues/cells.
This leaves proteins in the blood thus the blood has low water potential.
As we reach the venule end (near the veins), Hydrostatic pressure is low compared to the Hydrostatic pressure in the tissues/cells thus the tissue fluid (bringing with it waste materials, co2 etc) is pushed back into the capillary.
Also, the low water potential causes water to move to the capillaries by osmosis.
Not all tissue fluid returns this way, the alternative way is through the lymphatic system. Which is similar, with it having low Hydrostatic pressure thus Tissue fluid enters it due to the high Hydostatic pressure in the tissues/cells. They are moved by contractions of body muscles back into the heart
The diagram in the Nelson Thornes book is really helps get your head round it
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Mhm. I tend to start off with revision for exams that are closer, then work my way in. If that makes sense lol. I revise by reading and writing at the same time, so like making notes as I go through the topics. After each paragraph, I read that certain section of notes out to myself, then another time without looking at the notes. Recently I've found that me explaining to someone else helps too, and i'm not usually into group revision etc. What about you ?
Hi i'm busy doing the June 2010 past paper and I cant work out question 5d (ii) ... its about working out the number of different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes. does anyone have any idea? Thanks!
Hello everyone, I'm in the process of slowly writing up biology notes on the AQA AS Biology Unit 2 (for the exam in June 2013) would anyone be interested in these notes? I'd be quite happy to post them here if they would be of use to anyone ^^ (As an example of my notes here's my OCR AS Physics Unit 2 G482 thread - if you are taking physics too feel free to check it out http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php?t=2231299&p=41138935) Nice to meet you all, I hope we can all help each other understand our biology lessons better together ^^
Mhm. I tend to start off with revision for exams that are closer, then work my way in. If that makes sense lol. I revise by reading and writing at the same time, so like making notes as I go through the topics. After each paragraph, I read that certain section of notes out to myself, then another time without looking at the notes. Recently I've found that me explaining to someone else helps too, and i'm not usually into group revision etc. What about you ?
That's pretty cool I also do the same thing
I just revise with my dog
I finish a page, note take, then try to explain and summarise to it
93/100 in core 1 maths A*
98/120 in unit 1 physics A
And 76/100 in unit 1 biology B
So my revision methods does fairly work lol
But i am going to kill myself with revision for Biol unit 2 to get that A
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Hi could someone please explain why in the june 2010 paper the answer to question 5d(ii) is 8. I don't understand how they got the answer. Also, could someone please how the apparatus used in question 4 works? I don't understand how the potometer allows you to measure rate of water uptake.