Higher Modern Studies 2012-13: Discussion and Help Thread
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Guys, quick easy question, does STV allow by-elections? If so, what can I do the argument against FPTP on using the by-election argument?
Original post by Jennamckinleyx
Yep they're basically the exact same, just worded differently 
Thanks so much! I was having a heart attack there tehehe :P.
Original post by ladymarshmallow
Here's an essay plan which I hurriedly wrote for the role of UNOs in promoting development in African countries:
UNOs Essay Plan
Very brief introductory sentence – UN specialised agencies have undertaken several projects in sub-Saharan Africa to stimulate development.
UNICEF
Involved in helping women and children in 45 sub-saharan African (SSA) countries and focuses on needs of children and their mothers
Case study-
2007-2007 in cooperation with Ugandan govt launced the “Go to school, back to school, stay in school campaign”, aimed to benefit 1.3 million schoolchildren.
Previously <50% of children in the Kotido district were enrolled in primary education and of those who were, <50% completed their schooling.
This project targeted 450,000 children and 4,500 teachers in 650 schools. Provided utensils/equipment/teacher-training materials for use by teachers
This is working to achieve the MDG of universal primary education, however, statistics (from 2012 MDG progress report) show that primary school enrolment in SSA only moderate, 38m still not in education.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation)
Focused on developing agriculture, raising levels of nutrition, + improving conditions for rural dwellers.
Case Study – 1997-2001 Africover Project
Between this years, FAO created a database compiling info from several afr. countries on roads, climate, drought, natural resources, etc
Uses high-resolution satellite to continuously scan weather patterns, projected crop yields, + allows comparisms with previous years to be made
In turn, this data allows afr govts, UNOs, NGOs to plan ahead and take account of potential natural disasters eg famine/drought.
FAO regularly confers with govt to decide upon action to be taken
Addresses food insecurity
Also works in partnership with govts to provide training in use of technology and methodologies needed to interpret + develop the databases.
Positives: training encourages self-sufficiency, thus no danger of over-reliance on external aid
Focused on tackling 2 MDGs and meets MDG goal of developing a global partnership for development.
However, weak in ensuring environmental sustainability – people in SSA countries still at a disadvantage in access to drinking water and the MDG sanitation target is deemed still too far out of reach, according to UN in 2012.
World Food Programme (WPF)
Focuses on meeting medical needs and promoting good health
Case study: Burkina Faso 2009 food voucher programme
Benefitted 180,000 people in country’s 2 largest cities
Designed to improve access to food, whilst boosting local economy
Food usually available in urban markets but many too poor to afford it, however, through the FAO’s scheme people can avoid worker by buying products in the local market which, in turn, benefits the local economy
Positives: once again, self-sufficiency allows BF to develop without being overly-reliant on outside aid and stimulates local economy and provides many with livelihood, others lifted out of extreme hunger
Nevertheless, in spite of success, the UN is yet to alleviate hunger in SSA fully. 2012 MDG progress report demonstrates that despite original pledge to halve world hunger by 2015, levels are still very high – indeed, 10m a year still die of hunger/hunger-related diseases in SSA. Progress is described as being “insufficient to meet the target if prevailing trends persist.”
Conclusion – summing up argument that despite UN’s various successes it cannot be denied that African countries still have a long way to go if they are to become fully economically and socially developed.
UNOs Essay Plan
Very brief introductory sentence – UN specialised agencies have undertaken several projects in sub-Saharan Africa to stimulate development.
UNICEF
Involved in helping women and children in 45 sub-saharan African (SSA) countries and focuses on needs of children and their mothers
Case study-
2007-2007 in cooperation with Ugandan govt launced the “Go to school, back to school, stay in school campaign”, aimed to benefit 1.3 million schoolchildren.
Previously <50% of children in the Kotido district were enrolled in primary education and of those who were, <50% completed their schooling.
This project targeted 450,000 children and 4,500 teachers in 650 schools. Provided utensils/equipment/teacher-training materials for use by teachers
This is working to achieve the MDG of universal primary education, however, statistics (from 2012 MDG progress report) show that primary school enrolment in SSA only moderate, 38m still not in education.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organisation)
Focused on developing agriculture, raising levels of nutrition, + improving conditions for rural dwellers.
Case Study – 1997-2001 Africover Project
Between this years, FAO created a database compiling info from several afr. countries on roads, climate, drought, natural resources, etc
Uses high-resolution satellite to continuously scan weather patterns, projected crop yields, + allows comparisms with previous years to be made
In turn, this data allows afr govts, UNOs, NGOs to plan ahead and take account of potential natural disasters eg famine/drought.
FAO regularly confers with govt to decide upon action to be taken
Addresses food insecurity
Also works in partnership with govts to provide training in use of technology and methodologies needed to interpret + develop the databases.
Positives: training encourages self-sufficiency, thus no danger of over-reliance on external aid
Focused on tackling 2 MDGs and meets MDG goal of developing a global partnership for development.
However, weak in ensuring environmental sustainability – people in SSA countries still at a disadvantage in access to drinking water and the MDG sanitation target is deemed still too far out of reach, according to UN in 2012.
World Food Programme (WPF)
Focuses on meeting medical needs and promoting good health
Case study: Burkina Faso 2009 food voucher programme
Benefitted 180,000 people in country’s 2 largest cities
Designed to improve access to food, whilst boosting local economy
Food usually available in urban markets but many too poor to afford it, however, through the FAO’s scheme people can avoid worker by buying products in the local market which, in turn, benefits the local economy
Positives: once again, self-sufficiency allows BF to develop without being overly-reliant on outside aid and stimulates local economy and provides many with livelihood, others lifted out of extreme hunger
Nevertheless, in spite of success, the UN is yet to alleviate hunger in SSA fully. 2012 MDG progress report demonstrates that despite original pledge to halve world hunger by 2015, levels are still very high – indeed, 10m a year still die of hunger/hunger-related diseases in SSA. Progress is described as being “insufficient to meet the target if prevailing trends persist.”
Conclusion – summing up argument that despite UN’s various successes it cannot be denied that African countries still have a long way to go if they are to become fully economically and socially developed.
Thanks
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Original post by JessicaLee123
why are people predicting wealth on health? isnt there a better chance of life style coming up? ah well lol either one will suit me fine.
are you not revising for voting behaviour either?
are you not revising for voting behaviour either?
same essay is it not? The sections I talk about in my income essay is Income then lifestyle then ethnicity then geography and I say how they are all linked to income which is why income biggest issue.
also nope. badly hope it doesnt come up as I've not looked at it at all
Can someone please help me with government policies to reduce poverty/social and economic inequalities? I'm so stressing about it
15/15 essay:
“The government has launched a number of policies to try to combat gender and ethnic inequality in the UK, with a mixed degree of success.
Gender inequality has been tackled in a number of ways. For example, the Equal Pay and Sex Discrimination Acts have been bolstered to give more protection and backdate e.g. all pay claims. Systems of tax credits and child support and the minimum wage have been introduced among other things to help lone (often female) parent families. The state pension age has been increased to 65 for both men and women to ensure parity – and a new Equality and Human Rights Commission has been set up to combat discrimination.
These measures have had, on the whole, mixed success. The incomes of women have increased at double the rate of men over recent years – over 11%. However, there still is a gender pay gap of 24% in the UK today (15% in Scotland in 2008 figures) with the inequality rising to 44% in the financial and banking industry. Indeed, gender discrimination appears to continue in recruitment also, with only 80% of senior police officers in the UK for example being women. It could be argued, therefore that intervention by government has had little success. Systems of financial credits and interventions appear to have had some success at combating gender inequality – and it was estimated that at the last increase of the minimum wage over 2 million people benefited – many from the hospitality and other sectors being women. The tax credit system is estimated to have cut poverty among lone parent families in Scotland by over 20%, however, centres claim the recent over payments and demands by the Exchequer for money back hit families – often vulnerable – hard. The system of child support and maintenance introduced by the government may have had less success in reducing gender inequality among lone parents, with 85% of claims admitted as incorrectly calculated by the Child Support Agency. Indeed, the government is intending to scrap the agency and replace it with a new body. Therefore, government action has help to an extent in reducing gender inequality.
The government has attempted in the past to reduce racial in-equalities in a number of ways. It has abolished the Commission for Racial Equality and replaced it with the Equality and Human Rights Commission, with new powers and the Eequality Act 2006. It has introduced a package of reform – including the New Deal – often targeted at areas of deprivation where there is a large minority ethnic community.
Overall, progress at reducing racial inequality has been mixed. The new EHRC, critics claim, has done little to protect those in need of support, however its predecessor body – the CRE – did bring several court cases where racial discrimination was an issue. The New Deal has helped over a million people in the UK get work since its inception many of those from minority ethnic communities, however, a recent commons committee report found that many were out of work. There is also evidence that racial inequality still pervades society: 52% of Pakistani and Bangladeshi community are in HRAI partly compared to 8% of the white populations. However, one instance bucking this trend is the Indian community, which appears to have higher average incomes than whites. Indeed, a recent edition of the General Household Survey has shown that people of ethnic minority backgrounds often get paid similar sums to their white counterparts for the same work. Thus, it is fair to say that there has been some progress in reducing inequalities, though there is still much to be done – particularly in relation to poverty.
The government has piloted a number of programmes aimed at reducing inequality. Many of these programmes have reduced inequality in gender and race to some extent, although on current evidence there are clear examples of inequality still pervading the UK.”
____
I have a few more which I can trade for CHINA / SOUTH AFRICA / ELECTORAL essays. Private message me.
“The government has launched a number of policies to try to combat gender and ethnic inequality in the UK, with a mixed degree of success.
Gender inequality has been tackled in a number of ways. For example, the Equal Pay and Sex Discrimination Acts have been bolstered to give more protection and backdate e.g. all pay claims. Systems of tax credits and child support and the minimum wage have been introduced among other things to help lone (often female) parent families. The state pension age has been increased to 65 for both men and women to ensure parity – and a new Equality and Human Rights Commission has been set up to combat discrimination.
These measures have had, on the whole, mixed success. The incomes of women have increased at double the rate of men over recent years – over 11%. However, there still is a gender pay gap of 24% in the UK today (15% in Scotland in 2008 figures) with the inequality rising to 44% in the financial and banking industry. Indeed, gender discrimination appears to continue in recruitment also, with only 80% of senior police officers in the UK for example being women. It could be argued, therefore that intervention by government has had little success. Systems of financial credits and interventions appear to have had some success at combating gender inequality – and it was estimated that at the last increase of the minimum wage over 2 million people benefited – many from the hospitality and other sectors being women. The tax credit system is estimated to have cut poverty among lone parent families in Scotland by over 20%, however, centres claim the recent over payments and demands by the Exchequer for money back hit families – often vulnerable – hard. The system of child support and maintenance introduced by the government may have had less success in reducing gender inequality among lone parents, with 85% of claims admitted as incorrectly calculated by the Child Support Agency. Indeed, the government is intending to scrap the agency and replace it with a new body. Therefore, government action has help to an extent in reducing gender inequality.
The government has attempted in the past to reduce racial in-equalities in a number of ways. It has abolished the Commission for Racial Equality and replaced it with the Equality and Human Rights Commission, with new powers and the Eequality Act 2006. It has introduced a package of reform – including the New Deal – often targeted at areas of deprivation where there is a large minority ethnic community.
Overall, progress at reducing racial inequality has been mixed. The new EHRC, critics claim, has done little to protect those in need of support, however its predecessor body – the CRE – did bring several court cases where racial discrimination was an issue. The New Deal has helped over a million people in the UK get work since its inception many of those from minority ethnic communities, however, a recent commons committee report found that many were out of work. There is also evidence that racial inequality still pervades society: 52% of Pakistani and Bangladeshi community are in HRAI partly compared to 8% of the white populations. However, one instance bucking this trend is the Indian community, which appears to have higher average incomes than whites. Indeed, a recent edition of the General Household Survey has shown that people of ethnic minority backgrounds often get paid similar sums to their white counterparts for the same work. Thus, it is fair to say that there has been some progress in reducing inequalities, though there is still much to be done – particularly in relation to poverty.
The government has piloted a number of programmes aimed at reducing inequality. Many of these programmes have reduced inequality in gender and race to some extent, although on current evidence there are clear examples of inequality still pervading the UK.”
____
I have a few more which I can trade for CHINA / SOUTH AFRICA / ELECTORAL essays. Private message me.
Original post by hendycfc
same essay is it not? The sections I talk about in my income essay is Income then lifestyle then ethnicity then geography and I say how they are all linked to income which is why income biggest issue.
also nope. badly hope it doesnt come up as I've not looked at it at all
also nope. badly hope it doesnt come up as I've not looked at it at all
oh right. your essay sounds better than mine.
haha! I dunooo. everybody does it differently im sure. Though income/poverty overlaps right?
lol same here id cry if it did!! ahhhhhhh
Does anybody have a FPTP vs AMS essay? I will trade for a 12/15 BEE (South Africa) essay!
Original post by JessicaLee123
oh right. your essay sounds better than mine.
haha! I dunooo. everybody does it differently im sure. Though income/poverty overlaps right?
lol same here id cry if it did!! ahhhhhhh
haha! I dunooo. everybody does it differently im sure. Though income/poverty overlaps right?
lol same here id cry if it did!! ahhhhhhh
Sorry to jump in haha, But does that mean if it's an income on health one that you can include other factors like ethnicity&gender etc... Or what?
Original post by Jennamckinleyx
Sorry to jump in haha, But does that mean if it's an income on health one that you can include other factors like ethnicity&gender etc... Or what?
Yeah
Original post by Jennamckinleyx
Sorry to jump in haha, But does that mean if it's an income on health one that you can include other factors like ethnicity&gender etc... Or what?
you can but i mainly do a lot on life style and income/poverty. i just find lifestyle easier to talk about and remember.
So do you think the assessing the effectiveness of govt policies to tackle social/economic inequalities in the UK may come up?
Original post by JessicaLee123
you can but i mainly do a lot on life style and income/poverty. i just find lifestyle easier to talk about and remember.
Okay thanks! Yeah I really hope a lifestyle question comes up cause that would be the easiest one!
Original post by KeeKeeDee
So do you think the assessing the effectiveness of govt policies to tackle social/economic inequalities in the UK may come up?
I think there is a slight possibility it will! Although I actually know nothing for it so I hope it doesn't come up!
Original post by Jennamckinleyx
I think there is a slight possibility it will! Although I actually know nothing for it so I hope it doesn't come up!
If this did come up.. what sort of things could we say?
Original post by drigerbest
If this did come up.. what sort of things could we say?
I think it's all to do with like benefits and that, although I actually don't know! I don't remember going over it
Original post by JessicaLee123
oh right. your essay sounds better than mine.
haha! I dunooo. everybody does it differently im sure. Though income/poverty overlaps right?
lol same here id cry if it did!! ahhhhhhh
haha! I dunooo. everybody does it differently im sure. Though income/poverty overlaps right?
lol same here id cry if it did!! ahhhhhhh
Trust me it really isnt haha. Yeah I've basically be thinking of changine the name of income paragraph to poverty as words are interchangable! If its comes up, I'm just going to collapse into a heap on the floor
Original post by hendycfc
Trust me it really isnt haha. Yeah I've basically be thinking of changine the name of income paragraph to poverty as words are interchangable! If its comes up, I'm just going to collapse into a heap on the floor
maybe we should look at it then LOL.... but i talked to somebody at the start of the thread and he said his teacher knew the guy who wrote the exams and he said his teacher said it was 90% on voting systems!
Original post by IronMan97
Does anybody have a FPTP vs AMS essay? I will trade for a 12/15 BEE (South Africa) essay!
I do politics of development instead but ill give you an AMS/STV vs fptp?
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Well that's me for tonight. Best of luck for tomorrow guys!
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