195/200 is high even within the A* boundary. At 97.5% a reasonable number would achieve it, but the majority of A*s would be lower.
In a way. But it seems to me that even the worst students could answer a large proportion of the test. I'd have thought the majority of U students could answer most of the following maths questions and that E students wouldn't even have to think much. Perhaps I'm being unrealistic, but I don't think so - these questions are significantly easier than many GCSE ones. You need some easy questions, but this is a sixth of the test, which I think is too much. In fact the first half of the test looks to me to be about 5 minutes of work - for 36 marks out of 72 and I haven't even started the course. You would expect later modules to be more difficult (this is just C1), but I'd expect D students to be able to answer the first half of this test flawlessly and with plenty of time to try the later questions. This is good for less able students, but more able ones are being punished.
The other 2/3 of questions are either short answer or highly structured though. And from the physics papers I've seen where there are questions where you are given the formula and the numbers and have to rearrange it. Of course maths skills are very important in physics, but they could be tested by more interesting questions where lower ability students can answer some of the earlier sections and the more able students will have to use a bit more insight. I've seen a question (not on an A level paper though) which worked through how Newton derived some of the Laws of Gravitation (I think it was that anyway). It was actually quite interesting and some of the questions were accessible to all students, but only a couple of people I know (who would probably be in the A* band, and quite high up in it at that) could give a complete solution. It wasn't a perfect question, but it was more interesting and challenging than any A level question I've seen, and yet only worked off GCSE knowledge.
Some people are so obviously better that it doesn't matter that the marking is subjective, but others are just not as good. There was one person in my English class last year (GCSE, but it would work the same if it was an A level) who was so obviously better than anyone else that it wouldn't matter how subjective the marking is. However examiners may prefer certain styles or even just be plain wrong. If I used the plural of octopus in an exam the examiner may think it should be "octopi" and mark me down, despite octopi actually being incorrect. I'm not good enough to make up for this and it could easily cost me a grade. The person I mentioned though is far enough above the boundary for it not to matter (if there was an A* grade he would still be far enough above the boundary so that it wouldn't matter, but there are people worse than that).
I can't answer that. This is a problem I can see no obvious answer to (except a system where there is almost no gap between grades e.g. a score out of 100, but that is too complex). As I said I'm warming to your suggestions.
Mainly the affect of health on the result. In one of my GCSE RE exams I was hardly able to write due to a cold and a headache, that's all hopes of an A* gone in that subject. The next day I had two consecutive English Lit exams. Due to the cold I had been blowing my nose so much that it kept on bleeding. I had three nose bleeds in the 2 hours of exams. I spent most of the exams writing while holding a tissue to my nose and not being able to concentrate properly. If these were A level exams I could resit. But without resits I would be stuck with poor results. Of course they can make exceptions due to illness, but if I say I had a cold... Even if I could prove it I doubt I'd be allowed to resit. I'd be able to find the teacher who had to keep on bringing me tissues during the nose bleeds to back me up on that, but would I be allowed to resit due to a nose bleed? I doubt it.
That's the point. People seem to act like it is even though it obviously isn't.