An endothermic process is a process in which there is an energy input into a system (thus a positive enthalpy change - increase in energy). To break bonds an energy input needs to take place and this is the case in thermal decomposition - the heat (thermal) provides the energy input needed to break the bonds in calcium carbonate, an endothermic process. Because the reaction is endothermic overall, the energy required to break the bonds must be greater than the energy released in making bonds (an exothermic process required to make the bonds in CaO and CO). Therefore, overall the reaction is endothermic.
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