HVAC is as said; Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning.
- It takes air from either inside the space in question or outside it, and either heats it, or cools it, providing ventilation as it goes.
- The 'airconditioning' (cooling) part also tends to remove moisture due to how it works, which is typically an improvement.
- Commonly the terms is used for cars/trains/construction equip as well as buildings to a lesser extent.
MVHR is again as said; Mechanical Ventilation, Heat Recovery.
- What these systems do use a fan/blower to exchange the air in the space with fresh air (the mechanical ventilation part)
- But then they also pass the outgoing air and in-going air through an air-to-air heat exchanger, to recover some of the heat (or cold).
- Commonly the term is used for buildings, and it particularly common in colder climates, Scandinavia, etc. They require suitable building air-tightness to work effectually.
Obviously the technologies can be used concurrently, as well as being combined with other technologies such as heat pumps, underfloor heating and the like.
Google will provide more information and pretty pictures
Daniel.