Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
CBT encompasses two components of change- cognitive (thinking, awareness and perception) and behavioral. The cognitive approach targets and corrects erroneous thinking processes that are commonly found in individuals with low self-esteem and those suffering from anxiety disorders and depression. The behavioral approach, on the other hand, serves to moderate behavioral patterns through techniques such as modeling, exposure and response prevention.
Cognitive therapies rely on other, largely verbal, learning principles —namely, those that involve cognition (perception, thinking, reasoning, attention and judgment). The basic strategy is to change the thoughts, beliefs, assumptions and attitudes that are contributing to the client’s emotional or behavioral problems. Two of the best known cognitive therapies are:
Cognitive therapy
This approach assumes that people who are suffering — for example, from depression — view themselves and the world around them negatively because of distortions in thinking. Some of these distortions include all-or-none thinking (a tendency to see events or situations as either entirely good or entirely bad), overgeneralization (allowing one unfortunate event to support a negative interpretation of all events), and selective perception (focusing only on discouraging events). The therapist helps the client to first recognize and then change these maladaptive cognitive behaviors.
This is what most behavior therapists and cognitive therapists today actually do in practice. It combines the methods and underlying theories of Behavioural Therapy with those of Cognitive Therapy. For most clients and conditions, it is generally believed that the combination is more effective than either Behavoiural Therapy or Cognitive Therapy alone