Arithmeticae's Unofficial BL1HP Mark Scheme

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In order of size, from bottom: grass, sheep, human.

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C - least number of stages meaning less energy was lost through faeces, respiration and movement. (Worth 3 marks?)

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Large surface area compared to volume/mass increases heat loss

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Little/no fur so air doesn't get trapped and insulate the animal.

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Plants have thin leaves to reduce water loss.

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Plants have long roots to find water.

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Animals have storage organs - camels for storing fat - and cactii store water in bulbous stems.

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The microorganisms use the dead plants and oxygen for respiration to create heat energy.

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It is necassary to open the vents to allow oxygen in and carbon dioxide out and necessary to close them when it's cold, such as at night, to prevent heat loss.

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You need both males and females for sexual reproduction, so t's important that there is an equal amount of both gender.

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Mumps, Rubella

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80%

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It would reduce the spread of disease in the general population (?).

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Vaccinations contain dead or weakened pathogens.

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Dead or weakened form of pathogen introduced to body and the white blood cells produce antibodies to destroy it. Some antibodies stay in the blood (?) so if the pathogen is reintroduced the WBC rapidly produce the antibodies to destroy the pathogen quickly. (I wrote this one really badly - it's hard to read - sorry, examiner :/)

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Measles is caused by a virus and antibiotics only work on bacteria.

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Resistant strains would develop to which antibiotics have no effect.

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Chemicals diffuse across the synapse, triggering the impulse along the motor neurone.

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The toxin Curare slows down and makes the response less pronounced.

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Stychnine makes the response faster (My mother says it makes it slower and she went to medical school so she's probably right :/).

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Legal drugs also have high dependency. Nicotine causes less dependency than only heroin and concaine.

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Other factor: deaths caused by drugs.

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Thalidomide treated insomnia.

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It was found to relieve morning sickness.

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Babies were born with deformed limbs.

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It wasn't tested on pregnant women.

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Drugs alter a person's body chemistry.

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Darwin:

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variation

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individuals with advantageous characteristics get more food

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breed (successfully)

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pass on genes (over generations, long trunk.

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Lamarck suggests the Phioransbdjdbblah stretched its nose and eventually it became longer during its life. The characteristic was passed on to offspring.

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Insufficient evidence AND Genes had not been discovered.

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God created life.

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"Cut" gene from chromosome of Bacillus Thuringblahblah and transfer it to a chromosome in a maize plant using enzymes at an early stage of development.

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GM is good (opinion doesn't matter).

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Advantages: Resistant to harmful insects. Cheaper than growing bacteria, collecting and spraying (?)

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Disadvantages: Harms useful insects. Gene could be accidentally introduced to wild populations. Could have adverse effects on humans or cause allergies.