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how does nicotine cause addiction?
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#2
(Original post by Tj789)
what are the actual sciency ways that it causes addition?
what are the actual sciency ways that it causes addition?
Long-lasting exposure to nicotine leads to both an increase in the number of these nACh receptors and a decrease in their sensitivity, leading to an overall effect of tolerance, because these desensitised receptors have to be stimulated with more nicotine for the same effect. Withdrawal occurs when the concentration of nicotine falls below the threshold needed to activate the reward pathway that is associated with nicotine (called the mesolimbic pathway AFAIK)
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#3
(Original post by Tj789)
what are the actual sciency ways that it causes addition?
what are the actual sciency ways that it causes addition?
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(Original post by HenryHiddler)
Are you in A2 biology or AS? Have you done the second messenger model in biology? The enzymes protein kinase A and protein kinase C are involved in the second messenger model - with nicotine, they phosphorylate the nACh receptor, desensitising it.
Are you in A2 biology or AS? Have you done the second messenger model in biology? The enzymes protein kinase A and protein kinase C are involved in the second messenger model - with nicotine, they phosphorylate the nACh receptor, desensitising it.
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#5
(Original post by Tj789)
AS- ocr, so nope
AS- ocr, so nope
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(Original post by HenryHiddler)
Ah okay, well, I can try to explain the basics, if you're interested - although, it isn't that important. When a substance binds to a receptor, via the second messenger model, it causes a change which activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which cause ATP to turn into cAMP (cyclic AMP - just a different chemical, really). The cAMP plays the role of the second messenger, since it activates various enzymes that cause different changes (the hormone glucagon uses a second messenger, for example).
Hope this helps
Ah okay, well, I can try to explain the basics, if you're interested - although, it isn't that important. When a substance binds to a receptor, via the second messenger model, it causes a change which activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which cause ATP to turn into cAMP (cyclic AMP - just a different chemical, really). The cAMP plays the role of the second messenger, since it activates various enzymes that cause different changes (the hormone glucagon uses a second messenger, for example).
Hope this helps
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#7
(Original post by HenryHiddler)
Ah okay, well, I can try to explain the basics, if you're interested - although, it isn't that important. When a substance binds to a receptor, via the second messenger model, it causes a change which activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which cause ATP to turn into cAMP (cyclic AMP - just a different chemical, really). The cAMP plays the role of the second messenger, since it activates various enzymes that cause different changes (the hormone glucagon uses a second messenger, for example).
Hope this helps
Ah okay, well, I can try to explain the basics, if you're interested - although, it isn't that important. When a substance binds to a receptor, via the second messenger model, it causes a change which activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which cause ATP to turn into cAMP (cyclic AMP - just a different chemical, really). The cAMP plays the role of the second messenger, since it activates various enzymes that cause different changes (the hormone glucagon uses a second messenger, for example).
Hope this helps
Addiction mechanism is due to
dopamine release in reward pathways which you are correct is limbic system.
Nicotine also causes adrenal glands to release adrenaline, which has a stimulant effect via sympathetic nervous system
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#8
(Original post by Revenged)
This occurs with metabotropic / G protein receptors but Nicotinic AchR are ion channels / ionotropic receptors . Activation of receptor simply channel opening and this causes sodium influx.
Addiction mechanism is due to
dopamine release in reward pathways which you are correct is limbic system.
Nicotine also causes adrenal glands to release adrenaline, which has a stimulant effect via sympathetic nervous system
This occurs with metabotropic / G protein receptors but Nicotinic AchR are ion channels / ionotropic receptors . Activation of receptor simply channel opening and this causes sodium influx.
Addiction mechanism is due to
dopamine release in reward pathways which you are correct is limbic system.
Nicotine also causes adrenal glands to release adrenaline, which has a stimulant effect via sympathetic nervous system
Hope this helps
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#9
i dont understand what has phospholyation of nicotinic AChRs got to do with nicotine addiction?
all metabotropic receptors work via intracellular mechanisms so many receptors and pathways interact simultaneously to raise and lower levels of secondary messagers, like cAMP,
tbh, it is not very well understood topic, information overload.
all metabotropic receptors work via intracellular mechanisms so many receptors and pathways interact simultaneously to raise and lower levels of secondary messagers, like cAMP,
tbh, it is not very well understood topic, information overload.
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#10
(Original post by Revenged)
i dont understand what has phospholyation [sic] of nicotinic AChRs got to do with nicotine addiction?
all metabotropic receptors work via intracellular mechanisms so many receptors and pathways interact simultaneously to raise and lower levels of secondary messagers, like cAMP,
tbh, it is not very well understood topic, information overload.
i dont understand what has phospholyation [sic] of nicotinic AChRs got to do with nicotine addiction?
all metabotropic receptors work via intracellular mechanisms so many receptors and pathways interact simultaneously to raise and lower levels of secondary messagers, like cAMP,
tbh, it is not very well understood topic, information overload.
Hope this helps
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