Chemistry Reactions unit2

When a chemical reaction occurs, energy is transferred to, or from, the surroundings - and there is often a temperature change. For example, when a bonfire burns it transfers heat energy to the surroundings. Objects near a bonfire become warmer. The temperature rise can be measured with a thermometer.
Exothermic reactions:
These are reactions that transfer energy to the surroundings. The energy is usually transferred as heat energy, causing the reaction mixture and its surroundings to become hotter. The temperature increase can be detected using a thermometer. Some examples of exothermic reactions are:

• burning
• neutralisation reactions between acids and alkalis
• the reaction between water and calcium oxide

Endothermic reactions:
These are reactions that take in energy from the surroundings. The energy is usually transferred as heat energy, causing the reaction mixture and its surroundings to get colder. The temperature decrease can also be detected using a thermometer.

Reversible reactions:

Many reactions, such as burning fuel, are irreversible - they go to completion and cannot be reversed easily. Reversible reactions are different. In a reversible reaction, the products can react to produce the original reactants again.
When writing chemical equations for reversible reactions, we do not use the usual one-way arrow. Instead, we use two arrows, each with just half an arrowhead - the top one pointing right, and the bottom one pointing left. For example,
ammonium chloride ammonia + hydrogen chloride
The equation shows that ammonium chloride (a white solid) can break down to form ammonia and hydrogen chloride. It also shows that ammonia and hydrogen chloride (colourless gases) can react to form ammonium chloride again.
The animation below shows a reversible reaction involving white anhydrous copper(II) sulfate and blue hydrated copper(II) sulfate, the equation for which is:
anhydrous copper(II) sulfate + water hydrated copper(II) sulfate
The reaction between anhydrous copper(II) sulfate and water is used as a test for water. The white solid turns blue in the presence of water.
(I did not type any of this LOL)
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