Hi,
I have witnessed the decline in mathematical skills in UK both first-hand through teaching, and as a secondary observation in any well-known retail store where the till-operators do not have the foggiest as to what the total purchase value or resulting change should be (which, in case of an error, can work in favour of the store OR the customer!), and rely entirely on tech to work these figures out. I believe the principal reason is the teaching strategies of maths in UK, whereby students are encouraged to substitute values into equations mechanically without any attempt at understanding the reasons why or the principles of the underlying subject.
I am strongly of the opinion that the culprit to be blamed for this deterioration is the government, like everything else in life. The policy of the schools, initiated ultimately by the govenment, to not encourage competition (lest less able students feel discouraged!!), in my view, did not, on a more general level, do much to help.
Further, the advent of the habit of some ill-nurtured school pupils dictating what teachers do rather than vice versa only added oil to the fire, and is one fuel for the shameful lack of analytical, interpretative and rationale-based knowledge of many youngsters, and one reason why students often find a big "jump" from school to uni.
Taking just one example of a non-British student community, it is interesting to note that a large number of Chinese students are apparently gifted in mental maths and the capacity to visulaize abstract calculative ideas, in spite of the fact that many of them are poor at spoken English. The latter of course, stems partly from the style of teaching English in Chinese schools these days, which is mostly by written communication. Some years ago, the majority of Chinese students in UK were from Malaysia or Hong Kong, and their verbal English was comparatively very good.
Thank you for a very interesting Q.
M