The Student Room Group

MEI, differential equations, rate of change of volume

http://mei.org.uk/files/papers/de10ju_yolh.pdf

question 3 last part, how do they get dV/dt is proportional to the velocity
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Original post by SidTheSloth1
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let the water velocity from the hole = u

let the volume of water remaining above the hole = V

let the cross section area of the cylinder = A

let the cross section area of the hole = a

the volume of water leaving the hole in one second = au = -dV/dt

we are told that u √y

so u = j√y for some constant j

this means that au = aj√y = -dV/dt

or dV/dt = -aj√y



now dV/dt = dV/dy * dy/dt

so dy/dt = dV/dt / dV/dy = -aj√y /dV/dy

since the tank is cylindrical the volume of water above the hole is Ay

V = Ay

dV/dy = A

so

dy/dt = -aj√y * A = -aAj√y = -k√y since aAj are all constants.

:hat2:
Original post by the bear
let the water velocity from the hole = u

let the volume of water remaining above the hole = V

let the cross section area of the cylinder = A

let the cross section area of the hole = a

the volume of water leaving the hole in one second = au = -dV/dt

we are told that u √y

so u = j√y for some constant j

this means that au = aj√y = -dV/dt

or dV/dt = -aj√y



now dV/dt = dV/dy * dy/dt

so dy/dt = dV/dt / dV/dy = -aj√y /dV/dy

since the tank is cylindrical the volume of water above the hole is Ay

V = Ay

dV/dy = A

so

dy/dt = -aj√y * A = -aAj√y = -k√y since aAj are all constants.

:hat2:



I understand​ everything, except the initial part, how do you get dV/dt =au ?
Original post by SidTheSloth1
I understand​ everything, except the initial part, how do you get dV/dt =au ?


to keep it simple suppose the hole is circular, and that the water emerges horizontally....so a cylinder of water comes out of it. if the water is moving at 3 m/s and the hole is 2 m2 in area then each second a cylinder of length 3m and area 2 m2 emerges... thus the volume of this cylinder will be 3x2 = 6 m3... in general a cylinder of volume u x a will emerge each second... so the rate of change of volume is u x a

the hole does not have to be circular... the result still holds true.

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