I did Population Change, Changing Urban Environments and Tourism.
Population change:
What is natural population change?
Births and deaths are natural causes of population change. The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a country or place is called the natural increase.
For the Afghanistan and Mexico one, I said that the proportion of elderly dependants in A was a lot lower than M. Also, I said that M had a lower amount of people who are young 0-4, A had more....
Stage 5 of the DTM would have a a heavy top pyramid. Not a lot of young people in comparison to the elderly... an ageing population is clear.
Migration question. Afghanistan arrow should be 4mm in width and point to ANY EU country.
Pattern.. I wasn't really sure, but I think it was all origin countries are south of destinations i.e. all asylum seekers went North, I said Syria had the most amount of asylum seekers (70,000) All went to EU countries relatively close to the country of origin (excluding Afghanistan)
For impacts of receiving country:
POSITIVE- I said that increased workforce and filled gaps in the labour market. increased birth rate also balances again population.
NEGATIVES- strain on healthcare services and also competition for jobs.
8 MARKER- CHINA
I said since 1990s- changes were made to accommodate for the fact that it was difficult to control in rural areas, and also, the gender imbalance as a result of the policy made china relax in slightly so that if couple's first child was a girl, the second child could be born. But now due to the ageing population- in 2015, the policy was stopped and couples could have 2 children, in order for the country to further develop economically and not be impacted by the elderly.
Changing Urban Environments:
Why does rapid urbanisation cause air pollution?
- Badly built, inefficient factories produce a lot of pollutants.
- High rate of rural-urban migration means lots of cars- so a lot of exhausts.
-narrow streets aka bad infrastructure means a lot of congestion- idling engines produce a lot of exhausts
"Water pollutants graph"
-every pollutant is over the WHO recommended value, so each pollutant could cause serious health risks to those in a community.
-They could run into rivers, kill marine life
-these fish are eaten so we could contract the disease.
-water supplies in general are contaminated. E.coli is life threatening...
What is ethnic segregation?
Ethnic segregation is the enforced or voluntary residential separation of two or more groups on the basis of cultural identity...... NOT MY DEFINITION.
Why does it occur?
-safety in numbers.
-same language
-near the same place of worship
-same economic situation- so same area of affordable housing.
Graph of Chicago- worked from South to north- just described the dominant ethnic group in each area, central Chicago, coast of Chicago.. just in general. Distributed around main roads too.
8 MARKER- urban areas in richer countries require planning to improve their environment.
I didn't know if Curitiba in Brazil was rich??? But I also put BED-ZED.
CURITIBA- required careful planning of 200km of bike routes- planning of bus lanes-it was successful- reduced air pollution- Also, took a while to plan 1000 parks with over 1.5 million trees- which conserves the environment.
BED-ZED- planning of houses facing the South- so maximum solar energy gained- contributes to the carbon neutral nature of the homes... + triple glazed windows planned to reduce energy loss... etc.
Tourism:
Graph, should complete the solid line and dashed line... solid to 98 on the y axis, dashed to 54 on the y axis.
Why have some countries seen a growth in visitors?
- Terrorism in other places
- Ease of booking holidays
- more disposable income
etc..
Why does tourism have differing economic importance in contrasting parts of the world?
- e.g. Kenya -15%- due to not being as developed as some countries, so has less sectors contributing to the total income, so tourism plays an important part.
-e.g. UK- 3%- it is a highly developed country with many sectors such as trade, manufacturing, so although it receives more money from tourism, it doesn't make up as large of a proportion of the total income.
How can people benefit from ecotourism scheme?
-Children can go to school, receive an education.
- Income has increased- better standard of living.
-healthcare improved- higher life expectancy.
How can ecotourism be used in order to manage the environment sustainably?
-No logging- more trees due to their importance in attracting tourists- more for future generations.
- Less tourists- reduced impact on environment plus, rate at which resources are used are lowered, thus more for the future
- Locals appreciate their way of life more, so are eager to conserve the area.
Why does this "picture" help to explain the attraction of extreme environments/tourism?
-ice climbing as an activity
-change in setting- white unspoilt landscapes.
-the cold could appeal to thrill seekers, especially camping in the cold.
8 MARKER- To what extent to you agree that an extreme environment is coping the development of its tourism industry? I did ANTARCTICA.
-Partially agree:
-IAATO set up guidelines to reduce impact e.g 100 on the shore- stick to the tour path- no flash photography to disturb nesting sites- no littering- ships must not use heavy fuel oil - no hotel building- no dumping of waste water...
However... oil spills are still going to happen, and introduction to non-native diseases by species on land is inevitable.
(sorry for any typos)
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