Geology/Earth Sciences Job Prospects

Yes, there are alternatives to O&G and most geology graduates aren't even going into these traditional sectors anymore anyway. Academia is one pathway and it's probably the main one you'll be looking at if you're interested in things like volcanology or seismology or meteorology (worth mentioning that you may have difficulty getting into meteorology with a geology degree, geophysics would be better, and geophysics would also be better for seismology). Environmental consultancy, engineering geology, hydrogeology etc. are all popular pathways. In terms of the energy industry, most of the growing sectors will be more interested in engineers than geologists but there are still careers there. I don't see how you could get into the nuclear industry with a geology degree unless it was indirect e.g. geotechnical engineering. There are jobs in mining but I honestly don't know much about that sector.