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Another Trig equation

Q: Find all the values of θ \theta in the range 0θ2π 0\leq\theta\leq2\pi for which sinθ+sin3θ=cosθ+cos3θ \sin \theta + \sin 3\theta = \cos \theta + \cos 3\theta

2sin2θ cosθ=sin3θ+sinθ 2\sin 2\theta \ cos \theta = \sin 3\theta + \sin \theta

2cos2θ cosθ= cos3θ+cosθ 2\cos2\theta \ cos \theta = \ cos 3\theta + \cos \theta

2sin2θ cosθ=2cos2θ cosθ2\sin 2\theta \ cos \theta = 2\cos 2 \theta \ cos \theta

2cosθ(2sinθ cosθ)=2cosθ(cos2θsin2θ) 2\cos \theta(2\sin \theta \ cos \theta) = 2\cos \theta(\cos^2\theta - \sin^2\theta)

2cosθ(2sinθ cosθ)=2cosθ(12sin2θ) 2\cos \theta(2\sin \theta \ cos \theta) = 2\cos \theta(1-2\sin^2\theta)

4sinθ cos2θ=2cosθ4sin2θ cosθ=0 4\sin \theta \ cos^2 \theta = 2\cos \theta - 4\sin^2 \theta \ cos \theta = 0

cosθ(4sin2θ+4sinθ cosθ2)=0 \cos \theta (4\sin^2 \theta + 4\sin \theta \ cos \theta - 2)=0

cosθ=0 \cos \theta = 0 or 4sin2θ+4sinθ cosθ2=0 4\sin^2 \theta + 4\sin \theta \ cos \theta - 2 = 0

cosθ=0    θ=π2,3π2 \cos \theta = 0\implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{3\pi}{2}

4sin2θ+4sinθ cosθ2=0    2sin2θ+sin2θ1=0 4\sin^2 \theta + 4\sin \theta \ cos \theta - 2 = 0 \implies 2\sin^2 \theta + \sin 2\theta - 1 = 0

sin2θ=cos2θ \sin 2\theta = \cos 2\theta

Now, I know that I could choose to divide both sides by cos2θ \cos 2\theta and get tan2θ=1 \tan 2\theta = 1 . However, I would like to experiment and take a different approach.

So...

cos(π22θ)=cos2θ \cos (\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta) = \cos 2\theta

2θ=π22θθ=π8 2\theta = \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \Longrightarrow \theta = \frac{\pi}{8}

2θ=2π(π22θ)2θ2θ=2ππ2?? 2\theta = 2\pi - (\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta) \Longrightarrow 2\theta - 2\theta = 2\pi - \frac{\pi}{2}\Longrightarrow??

2θ=2π+(π22θ)θ=5π8 2\theta = 2\pi + (\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta) \Longrightarrow \theta = \frac{5\pi}{8}

2θ=4π(π22θ)2θ2θ=4ππ2?? 2\theta = 4\pi - (\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta) \Longrightarrow 2\theta - 2\theta = 4\pi - \frac{\pi}{2} \Longrightarrow??

Something weird happened here and I don't know the reason for it. I would like an explanation as to why I lost two solutions. Solving tan2θ=1 \tan 2\theta =1 would have achieved the two solutions above and also 9π8,13π8 \frac{9\pi}{8}, \frac{13\pi}{8}
(edited 6 years ago)
Reply 1


When you got cos2θ=cos(π22θ)\cos 2\theta = \cos (\frac{\pi}{2}-2\theta) you would do 2θ=2πn±(π22θ)2\theta = 2\pi n \pm (\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta) but in this special case we cannot pick the -ve otherwise we run into nonsense. Instead, we only get the +ve and hence we obtain θ=π2n+π8\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}n + \frac{\pi}{8}. Cycling through n=0,1,2,3n=0,1,2,3 yields us the four solutions, including the two you are missing.

In other words, we run into nonsense but we do not 'lose' any solutions:
2θ=π22θ    θ=π82\theta = \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{8}
2θ=2π+π22θ    θ=5π82\theta = 2\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{5\pi}{8}
2θ=4π+π22θ    θ=9π82\theta = 4\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{9\pi}{8}
2θ=6π+π22θ    θ=13π82\theta = 6\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{13\pi}{8}
(edited 6 years ago)
Reply 3
Original post by RDKGames
When you got cos2θ=cos(π22θ)\cos 2\theta = \cos (\frac{\pi}{2}-2\theta) you would do 2θ=2πn±(π22θ)2\theta = 2\pi n \pm (\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta) but in this special case we cannot pick the -ve otherwise we run into nonsense. Instead, we only get the +ve and hence we obtain θ=π2n+π8\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}n + \frac{\pi}{8}. Cycling through n=0,1,2,3n=0,1,2,3 yields us the four solutions, including the two you are missing.

In other words, we run into nonsense but we do not 'lose' any solutions:
2θ=π22θ    θ=π82\theta = \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{8}
2θ=2π+π22θ    θ=5π82\theta = 2\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{5\pi}{8}
2θ=4π+π22θ    θ=9π82\theta = 4\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{9\pi}{8}
2θ=6π+π22θ    θ=13π82\theta = 6\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{13\pi}{8}


Thanks again and sorry about these long working trig problems
Original post by MathQS
Thanks again and sorry about these long working trig problems


It's fine, I skipped your working as it was too long for my liking anyway. :smile:
Reply 5
Original post by RDKGames
When you got cos2θ=cos(π22θ)\cos 2\theta = \cos (\frac{\pi}{2}-2\theta) you would do 2θ=2πn±(π22θ)2\theta = 2\pi n \pm (\frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta) but in this special case we cannot pick the -ve otherwise we run into nonsense. Instead, we only get the +ve and hence we obtain θ=π2n+π8\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}n + \frac{\pi}{8}. Cycling through n=0,1,2,3n=0,1,2,3 yields us the four solutions, including the two you are missing.

In other words, we run into nonsense but we do not 'lose' any solutions:
2θ=π22θ    θ=π82\theta = \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{\pi}{8}
2θ=2π+π22θ    θ=5π82\theta = 2\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{5\pi}{8}
2θ=4π+π22θ    θ=9π82\theta = 4\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{9\pi}{8}
2θ=6π+π22θ    θ=13π82\theta = 6\pi + \frac{\pi}{2} - 2\theta \implies \theta = \frac{13\pi}{8}


1 last question, sorry.

How do you think of n n ? Do you think of it as revolutions around a unit circle? or perhaps half revolutions of a unit circle or perhaps something different?
Original post by MathQS
1 last question, sorry.

How do you think of n n ? Do you think of it as revolutions around a unit circle? or perhaps half revolutions of a unit circle or perhaps something different?


I think of it as jumping between different periods of the trig function.

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