The Student Room Group

Total Internal Reflection in an Aquarium? Snell's Law doesn't help

Hi Guys,
Been palying around with Snell's Law and the equation. When someone observes an aquarium, either side panel and the bottom panel appear as mirrors. I worked out the refraction angles going from air to water, water to glass, glass to air and none of them were larger than 90 degrees which is required for total intenal reflection. I am stuck and don't know why this phenomenon occurs.
Any takers? Can any bright spark help?
Chris
Reply 1
Original post by Chris A
Hi Guys,
Been palying around with Snell's Law and the equation. When someone observes an aquarium, either side panel and the bottom panel appear as mirrors. I worked out the refraction angles going from air to water, water to glass, glass to air and none of them were larger than 90 degrees which is required for total intenal reflection. I am stuck and don't know why this phenomenon occurs.
Any takers? Can any bright spark help?
Chris


Total internal reflection occurs when the incident angle is greater than the critical angle. Not necessarily when it's greater than 90 degrees. Is this from an exam question?
Reply 2
Original post by Sinnoh
Total internal reflection occurs when the incident angle is greater than the critical angle. Not necessarily when it's greater than 90 degrees. Is this from an exam question?



Thank you. How does one calculate then the critical angle? According to Snell's equation you set the Sin theta 2 angle to 90 degrees and perform the calculation.

one can't in this instance because the refractive index of the second material must be less than the first medium. n1 = seawater = 1.34; n2 = glass = 1.53. You can't use Snell's equation in those circumstances. Yet this effect occurs. Total internal reflection on the bottom and side panels seems to be irrespective of what angle you view from. The back panel you can see straight through. Help cleaver people

Thanks

Chris
Reply 3
Original post by Chris A
Thank you. How does one calculate then the critical angle? According to Snell's equation you set the Sin theta 2 angle to 90 degrees and perform the calculation.

one can't in this instance because the refractive index of the second material must be less than the first medium. n1 = seawater = 1.34; n2 = glass = 1.53. You can't use Snell's equation in those circumstances. Yet this effect occurs. Total internal reflection on the bottom and side panels seems to be irrespective of what angle you view from. The back panel you can see straight through. Help cleaver people

Thanks

Chris


I think it probably appears like a mirror for other reasons, not because of total internal reflection. Assuming the back panel is the same material as the other panels, it makes sense that you see straight through, because you're right, there is no critical angle.
Reply 4
Original post by Sinnoh
I think it probably appears like a mirror for other reasons, not because of total internal reflection. Assuming the back panel is the same material as the other panels, it makes sense that you see straight through, because you're right, there is no critical angle.


Thank you, It's such a marked vivid and real image on three pannels. I figured out its the outside of the glass that it happens to. It is like the glass becomes an extension of the water because the surface of water veiwed from below, is mirror like. If I put my finger on the glass on the outside, it can be seen but just the part touching. That is why I calculated all the anlges at a nominal angle of incidence from the air through the aquarium and back to the air. No angles above 90 degrees throughout.

Perhaps prizms might explain it but from what I've seen, prizms aren't that cryptic.

Chris

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