AQA A Level biology
Non competitive inhib effect on rate:
inhibitor binds to the enzyme away from its A.S
changed hydrogen, ionic and disulphide bridges
Changes tertiary structure
A.S no longer complementary so no more E-S complexes formed / fewer formed per unit time
Table Q:
Cellulose- Algae and Plants
Murein- Prokaryotes
Chitin- Fungi
Why can’t you see any lipid droplets in specimen A
doesnt have a high enough resolution due to light having a high wavelength
OR bile will emulsify all the lipid droplets into small molecules and these small molecules cant be detected by optical microscope as lower resolution
8um and 2um uncertainty
0.8 and 19.2 volumes of water
0.07 concentration
9cm2- 8.1cm2 increase
15.18 x faster for the metabolic rate Q
106 for something lol
BrDU- DNA helicase causes double helix to unwind
Hydrogen bonds break
free nucleotides join onto the exposed template by complementary base pairing
but this time A pairs with Brdu .
catalysed by the enzyme DNA polymerase
H-bonds reform
Water Q -
High Specific heat capacity
Latent heat of vaporisation - allows cooling and homeostatic control
Solvent - o2 and co2 can easily dissolve into it making it a good support medium
Clear - allows photosynthetic organisms to create much needed glucose whilst encompassed by water.
Cohension tension - H bonds formed allows water to flow in xylem tissue
Gas exchange for xerophytes
• little water so guard cells flaccid
• so stomata are closed
• little co2 enters
• slow rate of photosynthesis leads to slow rate of glucose leads to slow rate of respiration so slow rate of mitosis
HIV Q:
Attachment proteins to bind to CD4 receptor
Lipid envelope
Matrix
Capisid with RNA and reverse transcriptase inside
P value Q: if p value is <0.03 then that means the hypothesis is correct because it means you accept it (i.e hypothesis wasn’t due to chance)
How is haemoglobin different to help with increased metabolic rate in mice v horse?
- mouse has low affinity haem
- allows the o2 to dissociate easier at tissues
- increased o2 conc compared to horses
- so more respiration occurring relative to the horse
How does the horses volume to surface area ratio slow down its rate of metabolic reactions compare to mice?:
- respiration causes heat.
- mouse has high metabolic rate but a high SA:V ratio so can cool easier due to evaporation
- horse has a low SA:V ratio meaning metabolic rate has to be slow so it doesn’t overheat as otherwise wouldn’t be able to have constant body temp
What stats test should be used: Chisquared??? (thought it was correlation)
Describe biochemical tests for amylase, lipid and non-reducing sugar:
-Amylase (protein)-Add Naoh-Add biuret reagent-Purple colour
-Amylase - negative test for starch ( add starch, add iodine, if remains blue amylase isnt present)
- Non reducing sugar:-add dilute HCL-warm for 5 mins-Add sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralise-Add Benedicts reagent in equal volumes-Orange-brown colour
-Lipids-Crush-Add to ethanol-Shake-Add to water-Shake-White emulsion
Describe the conversions of monomer and 2 polymers:
The FFQ question about monitoring fibre over a year or a nurse asking after 24 hours:
Advantage - Larger sample so data is more representative
Disadvantage - People may not remember over a year
Is that right? I left it till last and rushed it heavily
Disadv and Advantage of using hedges:
Advantage: more biodiversity as habitat for more species is preserved
Disadvantage: land for field decreased therefore fewer crops planted, less money for the farmer
Disadvantage could potentially be more plant species (weeds) so more competition and less available resources for farmers crops so less biomass and so on
Describe how the ELISA test....
Fill in gaps:
Allele
Locus
Transcribed
Spliced
Golgi apparatus ( i thought the q said modifies protein) ( some are saying its RER????)
Tertiary