The heating element in an electric kettle supplies heat to the kettle at a constant rate. This means that if there were no loss of heat from the kettle, the temperature of the water inside would rise at a constant rate. However,in practice the water loses heat at a rate which is proportional to the difference between the water temperature and the room temperature. At time t seconds the temperature of the water in the kettle is theta degrees celsius. The room temperature is assumed to be constant.
(i) Explain how the information given above leads to the differential equation
d(theta)/dt = H - K(theta-R),
where H,K and R are constant.
In a particular case, H = 1, K = 0.001 and R = 20.
(ii) show that in this case the differential equation in part (i) can be written in the form:
(1/1020-theta)d(theta/dt = 1/1000
(iii) Find the time taken for the water to heat up from 20 degrees to 100 degrees.
I have done (i) and (ii)
For (iii), I have separated the variables and integrated to give
- ln (1020 - theta) = 0,001t +c
I do not know how to proceed from here. I would be grateful for any advice or pointers. Thanks in advance.
(iii) Find the time