I am a 20 year old current first time medical applicant in Scotland. I got 4A's and a B (with extenuating circumstances) at higher but 3A's at Advanced higher. I was told that while you have to have Advanced Highers and most Scottish offers are conditional on Advanced Higher grades, e.g BBB or AB, etc- getting in my case all A's at Advanced Higher does not discount the B at higher (Glasgow) and while I applied to Edinburgh with the B as I met their requirements I was rejected by Edinburgh due to academic scores which were lowered by the B. I currently have a Glasgow interview in February- applied pre-UCAS submission for extenuating circumstances which were granted (see further in my response).
You have to meet both higher and Advanced Higher requirements to study medicine as an undergraduate. I was told that unfortunately a great personal statement and incredible experience unfortunately wouldn't make up for missing academic requirements. Also, you would need to look at the different universities as Edinburgh for example require the grades to be achieved no more then 3 years prior to starting the course, while Glasgow say 7 years.
Not sure about the widening access- it might be best to contact one/ several of the medical schools to find out what they consider widening access. I applied for extenuating circumstances on my B which Glasgow granted so have been able to apply there, I was 1% off an A at Higher English with circumstances. Glasgow standard entry requirements are AAAAA at higher.
If you study something else first, you could apply to medicine as a graduate (you need to receive at least a 2.1 degree) to undergraduate medicine in Scotland or to graduate medicine via the Dundee/At Andrews ScotGEM 4 year A101 course:
https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/I was told that if you don't meet the e.g. higher grades to apply for medicine as an undergraduate with no degree but then go study something else receiving a 2.1 degree, then you will meet the academic requirements for e.g. Glasgow, pretty sure the others are the same except ScotGEM- but you probably meet their additional academic requirements above 2.1, eg a A or B at Higher Chemistry and then Maths -National 5 (grade A or B).
I also have to study in Scotland, if I get in I definitely plan on using the student loan from SAAS as you only start paying it back when you earn more then a certain amount. I wouldn't be able to afford to study without the loan.
Best advice is to contact the medical schools to find if you would possibly qualify for widening access and if so what about your grades, could these things you mentioned be grounds for extenuating circumstances and if so could you use both widening access and extenuating circumstances? There is no point in looking into Advanced Highers(which are requirements) until you can be sure that they would accept AABBB as they told me that they would not even consider an application from an undergraduate that failed to meet higher requirements (unless extenuating circumstances with paperwork evidence - I had a letter from School and doctor) no matter how great the Advanced Higher grades were. You also need to find if your grades are even still considered 'valid' at the different Medical Schools given how many years ago they were achieved.
This is what the widening access link on the Glasgow medicine page leads to:
https://www.gla.ac.uk/undergraduate/entryrequirements/accessglasgow/I hope this is all at least a bit helpful or has helped guide you with what to do and who to contact next. I would honestly say that I think that you are going to need to study something else first and then apply to medicine in order to meet the academic requirements and time limits.
Good luck!