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The-judge-16
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How do they form, and what happens in condensation and hydrolysis reactions?
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macpatgh-Sheldon
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Polymers can form by a series of condensation reactions between identical or similar molecules. A condensation reaction usually involves:-
EITHER:
two -OH [hydroxyl] groups combining with a molecule of H2O being shed, leaving -O- between the two monomers that join up e.g. a number of reactions between respective pairs of glucose molecules to form the polymer called a polysaccharide
OR:
an -NH2 [amino] group of one amino acid reacting with a -COOH [carboxyl group] of another a. a. to form a peptide bond [essentially a special type of amide formation [-CONH group], once again by condensation i.e. the extrusion of one H2O molecule. When several a.a.-s join up you get a polypeptide, if just a few join up you get an oligopeptide.
The opposite occurs in hydrolysis i.e. breakage of a bond between monomers using H2O [some drugs are metabolized by hydrolysis in the liver using one of the cytochrome c [CYP] enzymes [others by suphation, oxidation, etc. [oc not a breakdown of a polymer here, although digestion in the gastrointestinal tract often involves hydrolysis reactions involving breakdown of polymers]].
Hope this helps.
EITHER:
two -OH [hydroxyl] groups combining with a molecule of H2O being shed, leaving -O- between the two monomers that join up e.g. a number of reactions between respective pairs of glucose molecules to form the polymer called a polysaccharide
OR:
an -NH2 [amino] group of one amino acid reacting with a -COOH [carboxyl group] of another a. a. to form a peptide bond [essentially a special type of amide formation [-CONH group], once again by condensation i.e. the extrusion of one H2O molecule. When several a.a.-s join up you get a polypeptide, if just a few join up you get an oligopeptide.
The opposite occurs in hydrolysis i.e. breakage of a bond between monomers using H2O [some drugs are metabolized by hydrolysis in the liver using one of the cytochrome c [CYP] enzymes [others by suphation, oxidation, etc. [oc not a breakdown of a polymer here, although digestion in the gastrointestinal tract often involves hydrolysis reactions involving breakdown of polymers]].
Hope this helps.
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username4181904
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Fuuucck everytime there's a chemistry question and I'm like here's my chance to answer someone always comes before me completes the job
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The-judge-16
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macpatgh-Sheldon
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(Original post by Krunker482)
Fuuucck everytime there's a chemistry question and I'm like here's my chance to answer someone always comes before me completes the job
Fuuucck everytime there's a chemistry question and I'm like here's my chance to answer someone always comes before me completes the job
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username4181904
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(Original post by macpatgh-Sheldon)
If you are hot on chemistry, young man, you can add to my answer with details of non-biological examples like polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane - go on, I am sure OP will be delighted!
If you are hot on chemistry, young man, you can add to my answer with details of non-biological examples like polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane - go on, I am sure OP will be delighted!
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username4181904
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The polyurethane isn't even in the syllabus I don't know what the **** that is 😂 , need to research it its interesting haha. But the rest is Yh I can't remember if it was as or a2
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username4181904
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