not an easy ?...books upon books have been written on the subj.
here is a simplified history
jeiwsh culture is one of the few that has remained so siminilar to its ancient roots. the reasn for that is that it maintained its jewish identity and close knit culture throughout history refusying to give into the diaspora that other cultures gave into particularily under the greeks / romans.
there were various sects within judism. they were under roman rule and looking for a messiah. some people belived jesus was that messiah, most didn't. but it didn't matter because christianity allowed gentiles. after the jews were put down by the romans after the rebellion in 72 (i think) ad, christianity became the hate dsect. the reason the jews were not as hated was because they didn't try to convert anyone. you are born jewish or not. christians did though and pockets of christanity sprung up, especially among poorer people because it is essentially an empowering a religion for the poor / meek. (see neitzche)
chritsians were persecued after nero blamed them for the descruction of rome. but emperor constantine adopted chrsitanity after winning a battle in around 350-ish ad. it became the state religion. this came in handy. it was a religion that appealed to the poor and kept them in their place.
having grown up in europe you should undestand the middle ages and the dominance of the church so i won't go into it. you also know they hated heritics. unlike islam which technically embraces jews as people of the book, christians did not. add to that...rome was the seat of power for the christian church. greco / roman culture and history was glorified by the christian church as the means to the current christan empire which was a continuation of the old roman empire. (see aquinas who christianized aristotle...or was it plato...its been about 10 years since i did a religius philophy course....but the point is that rome was glorified in present and past.
so if rome was the center of chritianity and the roman empire was the source then who was to blame for the killing of jesus. a roman pontius pilot....but a roman sways and misled by the jews...this is a major reason for the animosity which over time became ingrained in western culture.
add to that the fact tat jews remained a tight knit cuture who refused to be christianized. then why were they not entirely driven out of europe? they served a purpose...as trade developed banks developed. but christians were not allowed to loan money with interests. jews didn't have this restriction. and were necessary in the early development f business and commerce. so jews became known as money lenders (see 12th night) and a sterotype arose around them. this is where the modern stereotype came out with the jews controling the worlds money...blah blah blah but no one likes owing money, especially not people who cannot pay it back. another reason for the hatred.
lets fast forward awhile...jews, despite their adversity, have always maintained their communites and survived. they do this because they are close knit, because they care fo eachother, because they share the same values. its very different from a lot of poorly affected communities...when a member of the community raises up or does well he / she tends to integrate themselves with the dominate community rather then remain part of the minority culture. this didn't happen with the jews. this means that in times of struggle, jewish communies were able to take care of themselves.
so germany after wwwI was struggling, and because of their nature, jewish communites did well for themselves. jews became a scapegoat for a country looking for someone to blame. when a massive population is failing and af ew are thriving, the masses attack / blame the surviors and that's basicly what happened in germany.
(this is all just history with very little info on modern rascism and how that played into it)
and then the issue of palestine. it was a uk area. the un / uk gave it to the jews to give them a home or safe haven. essentially when the jews tried to escape germany or other perscecution they had no place to go. england turned them away. america turned them away. etc...it was a place to go that they could always be safe if the world turned on them again. at the time jews and palestinians were living there relatively peacefully.
in the modern era israel continues to thrive. it has turned the desert into fields and is the only western country in a 3rd world area. all of these arab countries currently existing hate each other. most of the palestinans in israel were kicked out of what was jordan into was is now israel. the irainians, egyptians, syrians, etc...they do not get along.....unless they have a common enemy. that enemy is israel.
very very very basic history...but you can hopefully get the gist and if you are actualy interested there are a million books to read that can explain it better and in depth.