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urgent-ionic compounds and covalent bonds

can someone give me a step by step of how both of these types of bonds form at around gcese-alevel standard.Also i was wondering do both of these bonds form during chemical reactions ?if not when do they form and in what circumstances
Original post by daddy1324
can someone give me a step by step of how both of these types of bonds form at around gcese-alevel standard.Also i was wondering do both of these bonds form during chemical reactions ?if not when do they form and in what circumstances


Covalent bonds, simply put, form when there is sharing of electrons. These typically form between non-metals and non-metals. For example, in CO2 each oxygen molecule requires two electrons to complete its valence shell. Hence each oxygen shares its electrons with the carbon atom - this leaves 8 carbon atoms in the valence shell of each carbon and oxygen atom, thereby allowing for them to be 'stable'. Check this out: https://docbrown.info/page04/4_72bond/0cov08co2.gif

Ionic bonding is when there is transfer of electrons, no sharing. These typically form between metal and non-metal. For example, in NaCl, the Na donates one electron to Cl, and hence Na becomes Na+ due to loss of one electron and Cl becomes Cl- because it gains an extra electron.
Check this out: https://images.twinkl.co.uk/tr/image/upload/illustation/NaCl-Ionic-Bond-Dot-and-Cross-Diagram-Science-KS4-bw-RGB.png
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