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The equation for percent yield is:
percent yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) x 100%
Where:
actual yield is the amount of product obtained from a chemical reaction
theoretical yield is the amount of product obtained from the stoichiometric or balanced equation, using the limiting reactant to determine product
Units for both actual and theoretical yield need to be the same (moles or grams).
For example, the decomposition of magnesium carbonate forms 15 grams of magnesium oxide in an experiment. The theoretical yield is known to be 19 grams. What is the percent yield of magnesium oxide?
MgCO3 β MgO + CO2
The calculation is simple if you know the actual and theoretical yields. All you need to do is plug the values into the formula:
percent yield = actual yield / theoretical yield x 100%
percent yield = 15 g / 19 g x 100%
percent yield = 79%
Usually, you have to calculate the theoretical yield based on the balanced equation. In this equation, the reactant and the product have a 1:1 mole ratio, so if you know the amount of reactant, you know the theoretical yield is the same value in moles (not grams!). You take the number of grams of reactant you have, convert it to moles, and then use this number of moles to find out how many grams of product to expect.