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cherryhitchkins
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Explain how antibodies carry out their roles of agglutination and neutralisation
Agglutinating pathogens — each antibody has two binding sites, so an antibody can bind to two pathogens at the same time — the pathogens become clumped together. Phagocytes then bind to the antibodies and phagocytose a lot of pathogens all at once.
Neutralisation — antibodies can bind to the toxins produced by pathogens. This prevents the toxins from affecting human cells, so the toxins are neutralised (inactivated). The toxin-antibody complexes are also phagocytosed.
Agglutinating pathogens — each antibody has two binding sites, so an antibody can bind to two pathogens at the same time — the pathogens become clumped together. Phagocytes then bind to the antibodies and phagocytose a lot of pathogens all at once.
Neutralisation — antibodies can bind to the toxins produced by pathogens. This prevents the toxins from affecting human cells, so the toxins are neutralised (inactivated). The toxin-antibody complexes are also phagocytosed.
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