Lead engineer here who occasionally takes part in employing engineering interns and graduates.
I wouldn't worry too much about doing a STEM placement before Uni, just focus on your studies for now.
If you are that keen then any work experience (even non STEM related) could be valuable to show that you're not afraid of work, you're a good team player, etc., which are all solid traits to have. When I see a resume where someone indicated they worked at McDonalds (or whereever else) for a few months I already assume this is a not a lazy person's CV I'm looking at and the applicant is most likely to be a responsible human being as well. Just that puts you a few steps ahead of the competition, especially against the ones who did nothing except attending lectures at Uni before they graduated.
From professional growth perspective and project work wise, there isn't much you can do within just the summer break placements. It's simply not enough time to complete any reasonably valuable projects in just 3 months. I imagine summer placement interns to be mostly busy doing some minor technical tasks or act as a support rather than directly generating any tangible value (on average that is).
So normally I suggest taking a 12-months placement before your final year at Uni and perhaps do a summer placement after your first year to increase your chances a bit more.
Check here -
https://gradcracker.com/I found gradcracker to be one of the best places to look for STEM opportunities when you're early in your career.
Besides work you could do some volunteering or technical projects in your spare time. Sorry I'm not that familiar with Chemical Engineering, but for Mech and Elec I normally suggest some CAD modelling, Arduino type of projects, write some code, etc. All that would go into your "interests" section of your CV and will show that you have a passion for engineering.
Not many people know or even talk about this, but I also suggest you become very familiar with MS Excel - data analysis, statistical modelling, pivot tables, etc. Would be even better if you could write Macros. An Excel guru can find a place in any company, I promise, everyone loves those people. I know it's not engineering related, but if you indicate in your CV that you're are an excel expert, it will instantly add some solid brownie points to your application.