Pls mark before my GCSE pls help and give me grade feedback and everything like EBI, WWW. I am a grade 8 English student btw
The supernatural is a crucial theme in Macbeth as the writer, William Shakespeare, warns us against corrupting influence. In the play, we see that the witches are agents of chaos which cause Macbeth to disrupt the Great Chain Of Being and they also speak in equivocations to mislead characters. In the Jacobean era there was a fear of the supernatural and witches as they were seen of agents of chaos which disrupt the natural order. Additionally, King James I even wrote a book called ‘Daemonologie’ on witches and the supernatural and he even took part in witch trials. Also, in 1605 Guy Fawkes and other conspirators planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament in England and kill James I and this may have caused Shakespeare to write Macbeth to warn people about the consequences of regicide by breaking God’s chosen King (Divine Right of Kings), disrupting the Great Chain Of Being and therefore causing chaos.
Shakespeare first introduces the theme of supernatural in Act 1 Scene 1 where we first meet the wicked sisters in a deserted place and this can signify that they are secretive and are doing evil things. Shakespeare uses pathetic fallacy of the weather “Thunder and lightning…… Fog and Filthy Air…” - the filfithness of the air reflects the filfithness of their actions. The rhyming couplet also sets the tone of the play. Additionally, the fog and the way it blocks their vision symbolises Macbeth’s blindness to the horrid destination ambition will take him down and it also shows the witches as agents of chaos. Their famous chant “Fair is Foul and Foul and Fair” is a key quote from the theme in tragic play because Shakespeare uses alliteration of soft fricative ‘f’ sound which connotes aggression and mimicks the hissing sound associated with danger. The quote also questions the moral goodness of reality and the use of trochaic tetrameter leads to a mysterious tone that a spell is being cast. The inversion of ‘fair’ and ‘foul’ suggests what is good is actually evil and foreshadows the deceptive nature of the play and how Macbeth will deceive Duncan as being a good nobleman but he is actually the one who is eager for his crown. At the time, Jacobeans believed witches have knowledge of future events and Shakespeare presents this in the witches through the quote ‘That will be ere the set of sun’ - the witches seem to know when the battle will end and this indicates there knowledge of the future and Shakespeare heightens fear and tension by doing this. Shakespeare also uses chiasmus which points out the similarities between the 2 terms fair and foul. Contrastingly, the use of equivocations show how natural order is disrupted by the witches for example the nature becomes harsher and children get killed (this can suggest life has no meaning). Shakespeare may be trying to question Christianity and the Great Chain of Being by saying God does not exist due to the presence of chaos or he may be trying to flatter King James and his beliefs.
The supernatural is also presented in the play through Lady Macbeth talking to the witches. This is seen when she says “Come you spirits unsex me here and fill me from the crown to the toe top full of direst cruelty”. The fact she is talking to the supernatural can show she maybe linked to it and in contrast with Banquo who wants to avoid the supernatural Lady Macbeth wants to embrace it. She appeals to the supernatural to get rid of her feminine qualities that prevent her from murder and at the time the audience had archaic beliefs about the role of women in family. Jacobeans believed a noble lady would have many kids and nurse them at home and her monologue attacks natural order. Also, this scene could be horrifying for some Jacobeans and Christians because she is praying from her castle to demons. Also, she uses imperative verbs like ‘come’ and this shows the power she has at this time in the play or the power she believes she has and the fact she is commanding evil spirits shows her hubris because it is so arrogant for humans to believe they can control evil forces. Additionally, the prefix ‘un’ suggests a reversal of her human nature and she wants to remove her feminine traits of kindness and nurture to become more like a man so she can murder. Duncan (she wants to subvert the characteristics of a traditional women.) Contrastingly, Shakespeare could be implying women are weak and they can only become powerful by adopting male characteristics and this would have been disturbing and unnatural to Jacobeans. The metaphor of ‘crown’ in refer to her head can emphasise her obsessive nature to become queen and the adverb ‘here’ can suggest she is being impulsive and can emphasise her impatience. The superlative ‘direst’ shows she acknowledges her need to be rid of her humanity. Society associates masculinity with cruelty and the word ‘unsex’ shows she is demanding the evil spirits to take away her womanhood. This quote juxtaposes with what she speaks about when she first receives the letter. She first speaks about Macbeth, but now she recognises herself and what she needs to do. She sees herself as an equal to Macbeth because he calls her "my dearest partner in greatness" She makes constant references to feminine imagery ‘Perfumes of Arabia, the Thane of Fife had a wife” and she regrets her rejection of her own sex. Shakespeare is criticising his society that is a patriarchy where women are exploited and not given proper identities or power. Women are prevented from having authority and identity and so turn to evil supernatural for hope and he suggests patriarchal society fills men with ‘direst cruelty’
Shakespeare also prevents the supernatural through Lady Macbeth’s madness caused by her guilt and this is prevalent when she says “Out damned spot…!” In Act 5 Scene 1 and this is the last time we see her before her death is announced. The Doctor and one lady in waiting observe her sleepwalking and she goes over past events and she puts them together for example Duncan’s murder and Macbeth’s reaction to Banquo’s ghost. The imperatives “Out..Out” could reflect Lady Macbeth’s desperation to be set free from guilt for causing and leading Macbeth to disrupt the Divine Right of Kings and The Great Chain Of Being. These imperatives can be linked to Macbeth because he says “Out Out brief candle” and I believe he could have been listening to her whilst she was sleepwalking. However, it can be confusing why he would let the Doctor come to the palace and hear their evil deeds if he knew she was sleepwalking?? Some could say he is arrogant and untouchable and doesn’t care what people would think about his regicidal act. The adjective "damned" connotes hell and punishment and implies Lady Macbeth's soul is going to go to hell. We can infer that she feels guilty about killing Duncan. She also feels guilty because she is a Christian and believes in God and so suffers Christian guilt which is the reason why she commits suicide. She is punished for her sinful acts and her defiance of the Great Chain of Being through the curse of guilt
I think Lady Macbeth is punished with hell, which is a punishment the audience would demand. The spot of blood is symbolic of Lady Macbeth's evil actions and highlights how much she wants to avoid hell and her future punishment. “The Thane of Fife had a wife..” - LM talks using internal rhyme and she could be possessed by witches and temporal dislocation depicts her as a crazy women and there is delirious utterances in her speaking. Also, the quote “Here’s the sell of blood still - all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand” is prominent because constant references to blood could act as a consequence of her and her husbands actions and the reference to ‘blood’ could signify the battle between Catholics and Protestants. Khaleeji Arab perfumes are beautiful and strong and they last hours and she is saying she can smell blood still and this could signify her guilt or she could be getting like PTSD from seeing the daggers with blood and the blood on Macbeth’s face.
In conclusion, Shakespeare prevents the supernatural as evil and devilish throughout Macbeth through its control of Macbeth’s future, Lady Macbeth going downhill and her journey to madness, the witches and their omniscience. Shakespeare also represents the Jacobeans views of supernatural throughout the play and he also flatters King James.