This is also an AQA poetry anthology comparison question I wrote. To be honest I'm not the best at poetry but could you also maybe grade/mark this and give feedback?
COMPARE THE WAY POETS PRESENT IDEAS ABOUT THE REALITY OF CONFLICT IN BAYONET CHARGE AND ONE OTHER POEM (EXPOSURE)
In both Bayonet Charge and Exposure, Owen and Hughes seek to make clear the harsh reality of war and its many dire effects. War is presented as psychologically and physically tormenting as well as futile in both poems. However interestingly, whilst Exposure is written about all of the soldiers collectively, Bayonet Charge is written from the perspective of a single soldier and his thoughts about the reality of conflict is explored throughout the entirety of the poem.
Both poets structure their poems differently however largely for the same effect: to highlight chaotic war truly is. Hughes structures his poem with a lack of rhyme scheme, evoking a sense of chaos and lack of order, perhaps reflecting the feelings of the individual soldier. However, it is important to note that both poems begin in medias res, immediately thrusting the reader into the chaos of war right from the outset. Hughes keeps this feeling of continuous motion in the first stanza by using enjambment evoke feelings of movement. However, the second stanza switches from the use of enjambment to the mass use of caesuras. This creates constant stops in the poem, making it quite difficult and aggravating to read, likely seeking to mirror the feelings of the soldier as he “almost stopped-“, to think more philosophically about war and why he is even there. Also, Hughes utilizes the third person singular perspective in his poem. This means the poem is describing a single soldier out of the likely thousands or hundreds who are fighting. This makes the poem much more personal and deeply psychologically more tormenting. Contrastingly, Owen makes use of a cyclical structure in his poem as the last line of the first and ending stanza begin with “but nothing happens”, suggesting the soldiers are trapped within this cycle of war and eternally doomed, and also portrays war as a vicious cycle. Furthermore, Owen uses bathos in his poem in the last line of each stanza, making this last line less impressive and bringing the readers mind back to the fact that it is a war poem they are reading, making conflict seem rather monotonous. Furthermore, Owen’s use of pararhyme in his poem makes it hard to read and creates an uncomfortable atmosphere, perhaps mimicking that of the soldiers”. Also, Owen uses the repetition of “we” all throughout the poem, giving a sense of collectivity. This perhaps highlights how all the soldiers feel the same, shared feelings, again adding to the monotonous and futile feeling of conflict. Conversely, Hughes only describes one man in his poem, evoking feelings of loneliness and discomfort.
Moreover, in both poems, Hughes and Owen both seek to highlight how the reality of conflict is that is it ultimately futile. In Bayonet Charge, the speaker seems to list all the reasons why one goes to war, “King, honour, human dignity” however they all just “dropped like luxuries”. The asyndetic list of abstract nouns aid the reader in understanding the myriad of reasons many soldiers choose to go to war. These abstract nouns create a semantic field of nobility and bravery, but all these reasons are futile as they “dropped like luxuries”. This simile makes clear how when in the face of war, many just forget the reasons as to why they are actually there, adding to the sense of futility. In Exposure, this same idea of futility of conflict is presented with “but nothing happens”. The anaphoric repetition of this line shows how during the course of the poem, the effects of conflict are more psychological rather than physical, creating a sense of futility as war is meant to be all about action and death.
In addition, in both poems, it seems that in the face of great danger and conflict, both speakers ponder and think deeply about why they are actually at war. In Bayonet Charge, the speaker “almost stopped-“ and began questioning, “in what cold clockwork of he stars and nations was//He the hand pointing that second?” The use of the rhetorical question suggests he is beginning to think war is pointless and futile and he begins doubting himself, creating a negative image of war. Furthermore, the use of mechanical imagery suggests that the soldier is simply only a cog in the machine of warfare and conflict. This metaphor serves to highlight how the soldier is actively being dehumanized in his role, perhaps evoking sympathy in the reader towards him. The alliterative consonance of “cold clockworks” creates a rather harsh tone, mirroring the speaker’s beliefs about the harsh dehumanization he faces from the authorities. Similarly, the speaker in Exposure also uses rhetorical questions such as “What are we doing here?” This rhetorical question is slightly paradoxical as the soldiers know exactly what their role is (to fight) and so then invited the reader to question why the solider has asked such a question. This makes clear the harsh reality of conflict and that when facing conflict, many forget their morals and reasons to fight. The fact that both poets use rhetorical questions highlights how psychologically tormenting conflict truly is. Owen himself was a soldier therefore he would certainly have known the terrible effects war had on people. Owen himself even suffered PTSD as a result of war, meaning he was more than well placed to write about the effects of war. Perhaps It was the experiences he faced during his time that made his poems seem even more realistic and upsetting as they were. In fact, Hughes was very much inspired by Owens’ poetry which is clear as Hughes’ shares some similarities with Owens’ war poetry.
Conflict is also portrayed as incredibly dangerous in both poems. This idea of danger is the most true and dire reality of conflict in both poems. However, in Exposure, it is more the restless nature that poses a threat to the soldiers, whereas in Bayonet Charge, the most dangerous thing about conflict is the weaponry and artillery. In Exposure, it was the “merciless iced east winds that knive[d] us [the soldiers]”. The mass use of sibilance here mimics the sound of wind flowing, making the horrible effect of nature seem even more real. The verb “merciless” shows how the wind will never stop until it finishes its job: to torment the soldiers. The violent imagery of “knive” creates connotation of death and danger, exemplifying the dangerous behavior of the weather and presenting it as a murderous killer. The pararhyme here creates a very uncomfortable, awkward tone, perhaps reflecting how the soldiers feel in the trenches as the wind “knive

” them. In Bayonet Charge, Hughes also makes use of violent imagery when the speaker witnesses “bullets smacking the belly out of the air”. The plosive ‘b’ sound mimic the sound of bullets flying, creating a very tense and chaotic atmosphere. This use of plosives also forces the reader to sort of be in the action too. Additionally, the juxtaposition of the violent verb “smacking”, which has connotations of power and force with the positive visual image of a “belly”, which connotes new life and joy, is interesting and perhaps seeks to symbolizing the soldiers conflicted and frenzies feelings, making conflict seem unpredictable and tormenting. Whilst Hughes himself did not participate in war, his father was one of the seventeen people to survive the Gallipoli campaigns, leaving Hughes which must distress and sadness. Therefore, whilst not fighting firsthand in war, he too, like Owen, knew the devastating effects and harsh reality of conflict, creating an even more saddening tone in both poems. Also, both poets seem to use violent imagery in their poems, inviting the readers to picture the terrorizing events they describe in their poems.
Lastly, both poets give a sense of unpreparedness in their poems, however this is definitely shown more so in Bayonet Charge than Exposure. This suggests that in reality, the authorities only seek to exploit and use the soldiers as pawns for their own gain and employ whatever soldiers they need in order to do so. In Bayonet charge, the soldier “lugged a rifle as numb as a smashed arm”. The verb “lugged” suggests the soldier does not have the strength or power to wield his weapon, further showing his unpreparedness. This simile also shows how the ‘soldier’ is not really ready to fight at all. The violent image of a “smashed arm” evokes feelings of horror and fright in the reader, making clear the horrific reality of war. In Exposure, there is also a slight feeling of unpreparedness as the soldier questions, “Is it that we are dying?” This rhetorical question shows how the soldiers are in the trenches are not even acutely aware of what is going on outside or inside the trenches, hinting at a small level of unpreparedness. Therefore, in both poems, it is clear that whilst soldiers are typically meant to be strong and brave in war, they are in fact unprepared and frightened. This makes clear that the reality of war is more upsetting and melancholier as many authorities make it out to be. Owen himself was very aware of war and the propaganda used to glorify it formerly. Owen himself was a soldier who knew about the horrible ways the authorities would spread false information in the hopes of recruiting soldiers. This understanding of authority tactics permitted him to make his war poetry so realistic, which contrasted the way many other poets would portray war during his time.
To conclude, it is clear that in both Exposure and Bayonet Charge, both poets really unveil the devastating, horrifying and tormenting effects war has on many. Both poems also seem to act as a warning and make clear to the readers that war can only end in peril and that it is highly futile.