Also, if u have time, i wrote this power and conflict comparison.
How do ‘The Emigree’ and one other poem from power and conflict explore the power of memory?
Both Rumens’ ‘The Emigree’ and Armitage’s ‘Remains’ explore the power of memory and its both positive and negative impacts on people. ‘The Emigree’ highlights the speaker’s “sunlight-clear” memories of her childhood and city, ignoring the issues that made her leave her homeland, while “Remains” focuses on the abusive power of memory and its constant reminders of death and war that ultimately lead to the speaker developing PTSD.
In Rumens’ ‘The Emigree’, the power of memory is explored throughout the poem as a crucial part of the speaker’s identity. From the very start of the poem “There once was a country… I left it as a child/ but my memory of it is sunlight-clear” we see the significance of the speaker’s memory. She begins like a fairy tale, which could be a motif for childhood and conveys how the picture constructed in her mind of her homeland was formed through a lens of innocence and naivety. Also, notice how the line is cut off after “child”. The enjambment could represent how the speaker’s childhood was cut short or how she wants to hold on to her childhood and savour her memory of it. The speaker then describes her memory of her country as “sunlight-clear”. She states that her memory is vivid and eidetic, but it could also show how all of her memories are positive despite the issues in her country. We know this because she says “it may be at war, it may be sick with tyrants”. However, the speaker is noticeably dismissive about these issues; she only focuses on the positive memories of her homeland. Furthermore, the repetition emphasises how these issues are less of a problem to her, her memories cannot be ruined, even by war and corruption, demonstrating its power and strength. The speaker also mentions how she is “branded by an impression of sunlight”. The repetition of “sunlight” throughout the poem could represent the speaker’s pride in her homeland – she is shining a light on her city. While the word “branded” suggests that her country has left a mark on her. Metaphorically, she is saying that she only remembers the positive things, however, “branded” could perhaps suggest that she has been physically or mentally disfigured by her experiences. Alternatively it could indicate that she has been “branded” by society as an outsider, yet she finds solace in her memories. She also describes her city as having “white streets”. White has connotations of purity and innocence and could reflect her naivety in clinging to an idealised view of her country. It is also the colour of a surrender flag, which could imply that her city had surrendered to an invading force. There is a sense of ambiguity towards the speaker’s homeland, as she refers to it as “a country” and “that city”. The speaker doesn’t specify the location, making it universally applicable. In this way, Rumens may have intended for the poem to encompass the struggles of all refugees around the world but express it in a positive light to serve as a reminder of the power of identity through the power of memory and to demonstrate how memory is inextricably linked to one’s identity.
Whereas, in Armitage’s ‘Remains’, the power of memory is explored through the way in which it torments the speaker with morbid flashbacks. This is evident when he says “But I blink/ and he bursts again through the doors of the bank”. Notice that the flashback begins while the man is alive; this shows how his subconscious mind wants to go back in time to prevent the man’s death, which could be a result of PTSD. The plosive ‘b’ in ‘bursts’ could represent sudden and violent movements that would be experienced in war. But also, the word “bursts” could be reminiscent of the way the bullets that killed the man “burst” out of his gun, or how the man’s guts “burst” out of his body, leaving him “sort of inside out”. Both the gory images and the constant reminders of the speaker’s horrific experience demonstrate the abusive but also haunting power of memory. This is underpinned by how the soldier hallucinates the “blood-shadow” of the man. The metaphor highlights how death stains a person’s conscience and memory just as it stains the street as the speaker cannot rid of this horrid memory. Furthermore, it is described as a “shadow”, suggesting that it is a memory that it constantly following and haunting the speaker. In addition, the refrain “probably armed, possibly not” shows how the speaker keeps reliving past events and fails to rid of these tormenting memories. While, the alliteration and rhythmic balance hint at the internal conflict within the soldier, and the deliberate prepositions of “probably” before “possibly” show how the speaker is trying to justify the killing of the man; trying to believe that his life was “probably” in danger and that killing him was the right thing to do in order to reduce his guilt over these memories. Moreover, the title itself “Remains” could be yet another reminder of the morbid imagery, or alternatively it could highlight how his crime “remains” in the speaker’s mind. This exposes to the readers the reality of war and how it has long-lasting detrimental impacts on the soldiers, such as the speaker who was a soldier in the Iraq war who suffered mental trauma due to his experiences. Therefore, Armitage’s ‘Remains’ explores the abusive power of memory through tormenting flashbacks.