2023 ocr a level economics paper 1, 2 and 3 (micro, and macro)

In 2020, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) found that three
pharmaceutical companies had taken part in an illegal agreement resulting in the
price of a life-saving medicine supplied to the NHS increasing by up to 1800%. This
was one of many examples investigated by the CMA where consumers were being
disadvantaged by collusion and the actions of monopolies. Evaluate, using an
appropriate diagram(s), whether collusion and monopoly would always
disadvantage consumers.[25]
Year 2023 P1
Aldi, a discount supermarket, entered the UK market for the first time in 1990. Since
then it has expanded its operation and, in 2022, its market share was 9.3% making
it the fourth largest supermarket in the UK. Evaluate the importance of economies
of scale to a large retailer when deciding whether to increase the size of its firm.
[25]
A report for the charity Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) in January 2022 estimated that
smoking in England imposed costs on the NHS totalling £2.4 billion and costs on businesses,
from lost productivity, of £17.2 billion. Evaluate, using an appropriate diagram(s), the most
effective method of government intervention to reduce the negative externalities from smoking
in England. [25]
Flood defences are considered by economists to be public goods. The £67.4 million Ipswich
tidal flood barrier is just one of the many flood defence schemes which has been completed
during the government’s current capital investment programme. The scheme protects 1600
homes and 400 businesses from tidal flooding. Evaluate the case for government provision of
goods and services such as the Ipswich flood defence scheme. [25]

In 2020, the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) found that three
pharmaceutical companies had taken part in an illegal agreement resulting in the
price of a life-saving medicine supplied to the NHS increasing by up to 1800%. This
was one of many examples investigated by the CMA where consumers were being
disadvantaged by collusion and the actions of monopolies. Evaluate, using an
appropriate diagram(s), whether collusion and monopoly would always
disadvantage consumers.[25]
Year 2023 P1
Aldi, a discount supermarket, entered the UK market for the first time in 1990. Since
then it has expanded its operation and, in 2022, its market share was 9.3% making
it the fourth largest supermarket in the UK. Evaluate the importance of economies
of scale to a large retailer when deciding whether to increase the size of its firm.
[25]
A report for the charity Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) in January 2022 estimated that
smoking in England imposed costs on the NHS totalling £2.4 billion and costs on businesses,
from lost productivity, of £17.2 billion. Evaluate, using an appropriate diagram(s), the most
effective method of government intervention to reduce the negative externalities from smoking
in England. [25]
Flood defences are considered by economists to be public goods. The £67.4 million Ipswich
tidal flood barrier is just one of the many flood defence schemes which has been completed
during the government’s current capital investment programme. The scheme protects 1600
homes and 400 businesses from tidal flooding. Evaluate the case for government provision of
goods and services such as the Ipswich flood defence scheme. [25]