Triple biology paper 1 2024 aqa unofficial mark scheme

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

what was the question 2.2

label the organs

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

Unofficial mark scheme
1.1 arteries
1.2 mimics the pumping of the heart and pumps blood around body so oxygen can be used for respiration to keep the persons energy up
1.3 minimal oxygen is passed to the lungs for respiration
1.4 statins
1.5 stent ( mesh ) widens the artery , more blood can pass through , more oxygen for respiration
1.6 there is the largest risk for disease H if you smoke vs don’t
There is the smallest risk of disease E if you smoke vs don’t
1.7 ( diagram )
1.8 poor diet / lack of exercise
2
2.1 nucleas
2.2 ADE
2.3 pancreas produces , amylase , protease , lipase , if less enzymes reach the small intestine the enzymes cannot break down starch , proteins and lipids . If there is less enzymes , this means less is broken down . So if they are not broken down , they are too large to be reabsorbed and stored . If they cannot be stored the products of proteins - amino acids increase body mass since they make proteins in the body ( eg muscle mass )
2.4 network of capillaries
One cell thick
Moist surface
2.5 reduced amount of oxygen = less aerobic respiration so less energy released = body becomes cold , body cannot supply optimum metabolism conditions . Anaerobic respiration may occur - lactic acid produced = muscle ache
3
3.1 ( RP - you know the whole iodine and Benedict’s thing )
3.2 time taken for bread to taste sweet
3.3 the mass of bread
3.4 starch in bread is broken down by amylase which is produced in the salivary glands in the mouth which breaks down into simple sugars e.g glucose . Sugars are sweet which causes the sweet taste
3.5 each bread may have different concentrations of starch , so sweet taste may be less distinctive
4
4.1 palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
Meristem
4.2 lignin
4.3 translocation
4.4 vacuole
4.5 active transport must take place , requires energy , mitochondria release energy via aerobic respiration. Chloroplasts stimulate the production of glucose, cell membrane allows sugars in and out of the cell
4.6 sieve plates
5
5.1 ( osmosis practical )
5.2 there must have been been a higher water potential in the potatoes than the solution so water moves out of the potatoe via osmosis since osmosis is high water potential to low water potential
5,3 there was a larger difference in water potential so there was a steeper water potential gradient causing more water to leave the potatoe
6
6.1 penicillin
6,2 there is a zone of inhibition meaning that the antibiotic killed the bacteria so the bacteria was not resistant
6.3 antibiotic resistant proses difficulties in the production of antibiotics , antibiotics take long to develop and if the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic there is a risk that the patient will not recover or recover as fast
6.4 viruses require a host cell to reproduce
6.5 viruses mutate rapidly , always changing
6.6 aids
7
7.1 leaf 1 does not allow light energy to be absorbed so photosynthesis cannot occur since photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction . So glucose is not produced and all the starch storage has had to be used by the leaf to survive .
The same for leaf 2 however it is CO2 which is the limiting factor and thus the same will happen .
Leaf 3 will have starch since there is not a preventing factor and is able to photosynthesis normally
7.2 starch present
Little to no starch present
7.3 little to no chlorophyll ( green pigment ) in the white which is contained in chloroplasts so little to no light energy absorbed for photosynthesis
7.4 magnesium
7.5 chlorosis
7.6 measure the amount of oxygen bubbles produced when placed in sodium hydorixide since the more bubbles , the faster the rate
7.7 a factor which stops the progression of the rate of a reaction
8
8.1 increases number of organelles
8.2 cell membrane
8.3 8010
8.4 chromosomes can not be aligned in the center of the cell so cannot be pulled and divided
8.5 cancer is the uncontrollable division of cells , so if the drug stops cells dividing it will stop the cancer cells
8.6 testing on tissues
THIS TOOK ME A WHILE 😂

for 8.3 could you have rounded to 8000x magnification