omg thank you so much! here it is: (it was on how the relationship between raleigh and stanhope is presented)
The relationship between Raleigh and Stanhope, is a very crucial one, as it highlights how war changes people so much due to the harshness and brutality of it.
In the play ‘Journey's End’, Sherriff uses the character of Raleigh to reveal how Stanhope once was. When Raleigh is first introduced, he is described as a boy who just left school, who is very excited to fight in the war. This positive attitude can be noticed throughout the play, until when he goes out on a raid. For example, when he is given the task to go out on a raid with Osborne, he exclaims 'now frightfully exciting this is!'. Here, this shows Raleigh's enthusiasm and excitement to fight on the frontline. These emotions can be linked to Stanhope too, as he is described early in the play to be ‘no more than a boy', revealing that he too is young. However, a stark contrast between the two characters clearly reveals the devastating effects of war: the corruption of youth. During WWI, there were around 250,000 underage soldiers enlisted, ultimately ruining their childhood as they suffered with shellshock (now known as PTSD) from the harrowing sights they witnessed during fighting. Therefore, Raleigh represents a typical young soldier before war, whilst Stanhope represents a soldier who has realised and experienced the verisimilitude of war as well as suffered the immense trauma.
Sherriff presents the relationship between Stanhope and Raleigh as constantly tense, up until the last scene. Before Stanhope had gone off to war, Raleigh and he were very close, as Raleigh tells Osborne that they always used to ‘meet during the summer’. Therefore, due to this past, intimate relationship between the two, Stanhope is afraid that his current personality and actions (of alcoholism) may be revealed to his family back home, as well as his girlfriend (Raleigh’s sister) whose he still loved- he kept a picture of her ‘in his breast pocket’ which is symbolic as it suggests she is very close to him and his heart both metaphorically and literally (through the photo). As a result of this, Stanhope constantly tries to dismiss any amiable bonding with Raleigh. This can be seen when Stanhope shouts at Raleigh, saying 'Don't Dennis me!’, which causes the audience to feel sympathy for Raleigh, as Stanhope seems as if he is attempting to cut off any relationship with him, and wants to be formal, despite their previous friendship. The tension is heightened when Stanhope exclaims ‘censorship!’ - that he will check Raleigh's letters before they are sent, to ensure nothing unfavourable of him is said.
However, despite all of this, Raleigh still ‘hero-worships’ Stanhope as he used to - his letters were full of praise about Stanhope. The strained relationship is contrasted significantly at the end of the play when Raleigh is dying. Both characters converse using their first names 'Jimmy' and 'Dennis', reminding the audience of their ultimately close relationship.
In conclusion, despite the stressed friendship between Stanhope and Raleigh, when Raleigh first arrives, their close bond is reinforced at the end of the play when Raleigh has been fatally wounded.