A level Maths is expected at the better universities (for Aerospace/Aeronautical Engineering), but some will forgo it if you do well in the maths-heavy units in your BTEC, if you do well in their own maths test, or do well at interview, etc. So although the fact that you're not doing A levels will have closed some doors, it hasn't closed them all.
In terms of GCSEs, generally speaking, universities are only interested in your Maths and/or English Language grade. Some will expect to see five or more GCSEs, and some will expect high grades - but for most it's just Maths and English.
Your proposed BTECs seem flawed to me. A BTEC Level 2 is the equivalent of one or more GCSEs and is going to add nothing to a university application. Also, a BTEC Level 3 Foundation Diploma is the equivalent (size-wise) of 1.5 A levels. Very few universities would accept you with just that.
You'd be much better ditching the Level 2 BTEC and going straight from GCSEs to a Level 3
Extended Diploma. That's a two-year course, equivalent to three A levels and will be much more appealing to universities.
Here are a few random universities for which you'd meet their Aeronautical Engineering requirements with that BTEC (assuming you got the right grades and took the right units).
University of Nottingham say, "As part of the application process BTEC applicants without A level Maths who are predicted D*DD will receive an invitation to attend an interview with an academic member of staff." The say their typical offer is "Extended Diploma - DDD including Distinction in units Engineering Principles, Calculus to Solve Engineering Problems and Further Engineering Maths" (See
here for details.)
University of Bristol say, "D*DD in either Engineering BTEC National Level 3 Extended Diploma, with Distinctions in four Physics units, plus A in Mathematics at A-level (or equivalent), or in Applied Science BTEC National Level 3 Extended Diploma, with Distinctions in five specified Chemistry units, plus A in Mathematics at A-level (or equivalent)." Note that the above include A level Maths requirements. However, they also say "Applicants taking Engineering BTEC may be invited to take the University of Bristol mathematics test in place of A-level Mathematics." (See
here for details.)
If you wanted to meet the entry requirements without having to worry about maths tests or interviews, then perhaps
Brunel University London would be of interest. They want "BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma (RQF) DDD in Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering, Electrical/Electronic Engineering, with Distinctions in Engineering Principles and Calculus to Solve Engineering Problems." (See
here for details.)
With a decent grade in a BTEC Level 3 Extended Diploma, you should have quite a few options. (The above are just a small sample.)