I am in Ireland so maybe rules are slightly different, but I bought my first car in 2019 about a year after passing my test. I was insured on my mothers car for the first year. I bought a 2015 ford fiesta 1.5L diesel - she is still my baby to this day has never let me down!
Insurance was quite high at the beginning, but mainly because i had an accident previously in my mothers car and had to claim insurance to cover it. Prices dropped quickly over the years as I have not had to claim anything since, and always shopped around for the best value when renewing each year, so my insurance is low now... basically yes insurance is a killer when you're a young new driver but it shouldn't be outrageous. I started at €2,600 and this year was €650.
It's important to know the older your car the more expensive insurance as well, as it's more likely to have issues. That's why my dad encouraged me to wait longer to save money and buy a newer model, my car was only 4 years old, which cost me more but saved with insurance cost in the long run. As far as I'm aware engine size can effect the cost as they see it that a bigger engine the more damage you can cause from reckless driving, but if you can afford it, it shouldn't matter your age/first time status.
Congrats on passing your test and happy shopping! 🚗