Hello there!
Coventry University student ambassador here!
I have been studying Aviation Management for three years now, graduating soon, and have been flying Ryanair all over Europe for the same amount of time.
Ryanair can be considered an ultra low-cost airline, and the main reason for why they are providing such low prices is because that is not what their main revenue stream is (tickets), it is actually ancillary revenue (baggage fees, seat selection fees, on board F&B, hotel and car rentals, travel insurance, etc.).
They've had some ups and downs, since their history is littered with a bunch of drama (such as when they were advertising 1€ tickets). However, along with all other low-cost airlines, they have tremendously improved connectivity around Europe, and were one of the precursors to aviation (and flying in general) became a commodity nowadays, as before it was considered as a travel alternative for the financially fortunate.
But there is a worse side to it, as they are notorious for having a complex fee structure, where customers often face additional charges for services such as checked baggage, seat selection, and printing boarding passes at the airport.
They are also notorious for having issues with flight cancellations and delays, sometimes due to strikes (due to bad human resource management), staffing problems, or bad operational decisions. The way these situations are handled, including communication with passengers and compensation, has often been criticized, since they lack transparency.
Overall, I support low-cost airlines, and Ryanair is doing an exceptional job operating one; however, it's very clear how intransparent and uncommunicative they are with their customers, if they fixed that, they would be amazing.
Kind Regards,
Bianca (BSc Aviation Management - 1:1)