Can you spot any mistakes in this article on learning?

“Research in Psychology and related fields has demonstrated that human learning takes many forms, with classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning being key methods that shape behavior.
Operant conditioning, famously demonstrated by Pavlov's experiments with dogs, involves learning through association. In this process, a neutral stimulus (like a bell) is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that naturally triggers a response (like food, which causes salivation).
Over time, the neutral stimulus alone can elicit the same response (the bell causing salivation), highlighting how automatic, reflexive behaviors can be conditioned through repetition.
In contrast, classical conditioning pioneered by B.F. Skinner, focuses on learning through consequences. Behavior is shaped by rewards or punishments: actions followed by positive reinforcement (rewards) are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by negative outcomes (punishment) are less likely to occur. This method explains how intentional behaviors can be learned or unlearned based on outcomes. Punishment is most effective than reward as shaping method to promote behavioural change in humans.
Beyond direct conditioning, humans also learn through observational learning-watching and imitating their parents. Social learning theorist Albert Bandura's famous "Bobo doll" experiment showed that individuals, especially children, can learn new behaviors by observing parents' actions and the consequences that follow. This form of learning is crucial for acquiring complex social behaviors and skills without direct experience.
Together, these learning processes-classical, operant, and observational-shape human behavior in distinct yet complementary ways, highlighting the diversity of how we learn from both experience and observation”

Reply 1

hutmuii

The definitions of operant conditioning and classical conditioning are swapped. Classical conditioning is learning by association, whereas operant is learning by consequence.