'An inspector calls is a social commentary.'
An inspector calls is a moralistic and a political diatribe play. Priestly uses the characters as constructs to highlight the social disruption, harm and tragedy, caused by the inequalities and exploitations between upper and lower classes. Furthermore, Priestly shows the contrasting views among the progressive socialist and traditional capitalist views, through the younger and older generations such as Eric from the Birling family as well as the impacts of the patriarchal society. In addition, he presents the significance of social responsibility through the actions of the characters towards Eva smith and the effects.
Initially, the inspector’s final speech stated that “we are members of one body”, this suggests that metaphorically, in a human body, if one part ceases to exist then the whole body will shut down. Here, priestly portrays the interdependence between the rich and poor. This illustrates that if the working class no longer proceeds, capitalism collapses, implying that the capitalist system relies on the working class by exploiting the lower classes to gain profit, showing that the system is flawed. This is by demonstrating the fact that the foundation of capitalism is purely dependent on the working class.
Priestly also uses Birling as a construct for capitalism and has individualistic attributes, therefore being a proxy for the bourgeoisie during Edwardian times. Birling mentions, "lower costs and higher wages”, revealing that the upper class are consumed by the ideologies of wealth and authority, we can see this through the sacking of Eva Smith. He does this because she had “far too much to say”, to generate profit, shows the avarice of capitalist nature of business.
In contrast, Eric disagrees with what his father says, by proclaiming “why shouldn’t we try for higher wages "indicating that Eric may be more socially complex and accepts equality for all rather than his father being greedy. This could show that his ideas of business compared to his father are distinctive. We can infer this because he does not believe in treating labour poorly by giving wages that barely gets them by. Priestly shows the difference between the younger and older generation in society to display that the younger generation are open minded and socially conscious from Eric’s point of view. However, the older generation embodies individualistic and capitalist values rather than embracing socialism.
On the other hand, the inspector serves as Priestly’s voice to encourage egalitarian values to move towards socialism and equality. The inspector declares that it is “better to ask for the earth rather than take it”, here the inspector directly critiques the greed and manipulation being common in the capitalist systems, by suggesting that it is more than just to ask for what you need than to greedily take more than you share. We can acknowledge this as when Mr Birling refuses to pay twenty-five shillings to Eva and to end up sacking her to make more money.
Moving onwards, Priestly shows the ills of the patriarchal society and how men are more dominant over women by doing whatever they please. We are shown this through the sexual exploitation of Eva by Eric, as he states, “that state when a chap gets nasty”, priestly uses this euphemism to highlight Eric’s exploitative nature towards Eva and suggesting that it was normalised to all men and Eric, who involve themselves in such vile acts, claiming them as ‘normal’ . Consequently, he uses the phrase “a chap” rather than “i” to disassociate himself from any accountability whatsoever and fails to take responsibility. This shows the vulnerability and mistreatment of women who exploited by men in the patriarchy.
Similarly, Gerald emotionally manipulates Eva by looking after her only to leave her, he does this by helping her out from Alderman Meggarty, who is a “notorious womanizer”. He backs up this claim by saying “gave me a glance that was nothing less than a cry for help”, his interaction with Daisy serves as a microcosm of a broader societal attitudes towards class and gender, empathizing the desperation of Eva. Gerald also exclaims, "I want you to understand that i didn’t install her there so that i could make love to her”, this highlights Gerald’s justification for his actions, emphasizing the sense of pity towards Daisy rather than romantic actions, his second justification comes from him reassuring that “it wasn't a complete lie” while simultaneously admitting to the affair, shows his conflicted nature and absence of responsibility to the emotional exploitation. He had liked the way Daisy made him feel like a gentleman, as a stereotypical man was like a hero saving a damsel in distress, making him feel socially moral. Not only that but when he was questioned by the inspector of when the affair had ended, he answers with “can tell you exactly”, this sign shows precise remembrance of events proving his emotional detachment from Eva and the calculated nature of relationship with Eva.
Furthermore, the only way to advance in society during Edwardian times was to marry well, to ensure this you must have had a name or come from a wealthy family but importantly, looks, as they were men’s most concern in women. Sheila had exploited Eva based on her attractiveness shown through the lines of “she was very pretty” so Sheila's jealousy is not created by her insecurities but the rules of patriarchy. This does not allow Sheila to develop in any other way because she is held back due to the standards of attractiveness.
Sheila had also thanked Gerald saying “and now at least you have been honest, and I believe what you said about the way you helped her at first. Just out of pity” so it seems like Sheila is voice of the inspector and therefore Priestly, is also forgiving of Gerald. Therefore, we should not be too critical about him, but Priestly invites our moral outrage about this. Sheila in this quotation is prepared to accept this honesty because the patriarchal society has conditioned her to accept infidelity in return of financial security and social status of marriage. This presents that even rich women
Moreover, Mrs Birling is the representative of prejudice towards women of the lower class. Instead of encouraging feminism, she lacks it by denying her charity towards people like Eva, as she only takes “deserving cases”, illustrating that Eva’s case was not deserving as she is prejudiced against “girls of that class”. This class system is underpinned by patriarchal control. The only way for Mrs Birling to be influential is to cling on the class structure, allowing her a way to influence as a woman in society.
Meanwhile, the inspector deliberately focuses on “these young women” to suggest that they are far more vulnerable to capitalist exploitation than men. He also teaches the feminist viewpoints unlike Mrs Birling, by stating “put ourselves in the place of these young women counting their pennies”. This is to consider the harsh realities of women in the working class as we understand the reason behind Eva’s demise. Priestly focuses on women because that is his main audience, this is so he can promote impartial values and dissolve the patriarchy and to vote for a labour government.
Ultimately, Priestly enforces the purpose of the inspector to be a moral teacher to educate the Birlings on social responsibility. The inspector claims that if “men will not learn that lesson they will be taught in fire and blood and anguish”, suggesting if people such as the upper class do not learn to take responsibility for each other, society will not advance and face repercussions. Accordingly, if society does not move to class equality, this creates a continuity of instability, priestly is telling us that this is a deep socialist message to advocate for socialism. This is a warning to capitalism to change once and for all or it leaves society in a more dysfunctional state than it already is.
The inspector reminds Birling that with power and status comes great responsibility and a duty to care for others, along the lines of “public men, Birling also have responsibilities as well as privileges". This challenges the capitalist view that wealth and power justify self-interest, promoting instead the socialist ideas of responsibility to society. Priestly criticizes those who are not held responsible of their actions, through the inspector in regard of negligence towards working class such as “millions of Eva and John smiths” which was remarked by the inspector shows Priestly's critique of individualism as the inspector is the voice of Priestly.
To conclude, an inspector calls show the ills of capitalism and benefits of socialism and how it results in inequality and a dysfunctional society. This affects both the impoverished and the upper class as a whole society. Priestly wants to highlight the mistreatment of women and working classes in the patriarchal society by working towards moralistic and socialistic values.